Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
自从进入初三,科目增加到七门主课,作业也随之变多。我时常感觉时间不够用,每天晚上作业写到十点之后,就昏昏欲睡,几乎没有什么时间用来放松。而且为了尽快结束新课,还占用假日继续上课。这些就使我感到初三生活的艰难。
就这样,我经常用中午这段看似不长的时间,去完成老师前几天布置的背诵内容。原本这段时间能够好好躺一会儿,闭目养神,可是现在也已被占用。中午没了休息时间,下午自然经常打瞌睡,严重影响了上课,如此恶性循环,已令我跟不上学习节奏。
好不容易得到一些放松时间,我开始回想以前。
小学时,休息时间很长且没被占用。我经常在放学后吃饭前跟同学们踢踢球,跑跑步,做做运动。这样是放松自己的好方法,经过一天的学习大脑有些疲惫,这样一运动,心里顿时放松了不少,给晚上做作业蓄满了精力,作业早完,还可以看看电视。最后才不情愿地被逼着上床睡觉。节假日,我也常常和家人一起到某些地方玩耍,享受享受新鲜的空气和满眼的绿色,心情舒畅极了,忘掉了之前的烦心事,心里只想着享受美景,这是多么令人放松的一件事情啊!
后来进了初中,每周还有一天半的休息时间,假日虽要补课,但时间还绰绰有余。我便在这余下的时间里在我家附近转悠,有时寒暑假爸爸还会带着我到别的地方旅游,也起到了放松身心的作用。之前学习的劳累一扫而光,为新学期的学习聚集力量。这样每天都有精力,学习效果也不错。
可是到了初三,一切都变了。作业多了,假日少了,放松时间少了。我知道这是为了中考而战,但是这学习负担对于我的确有些重。增加一些放松的时间,这样我才能更好地完成学习任务。
为了缓解疲惫,在新的一天更好地学习,放松的时间是必不可少的。从现在起,为了争取更多放松时间,我应该合理安排时间,把零碎时间充分利用起来。我感受到时间的重要性,它就像流水,过去了就不会回来。合理安排时间,就等于节约时间。
如果我有了更多的放松时间,我会更充分地利用,跟原来一样休息好,准备在新的一天打起精神,更好地学习。
给我一个放松的时间就好了。
辨别词义要严格,用词必须没有歧义,不能词不达意、模棱两可。
要简洁顺畅,恰如其分。
要讲究辞素文采,把抽象的道理讲得具体、形象,生动而有风趣。
可以采用灵活多变的句式。用长句,缜密无漏洞;用短句,干净利索。肯定的说法,可以改用双重否定的句式;该直陈其事时用点设问句、反问句。这可以增强文章的感情色彩;
此外,议论文也可以适当地采用一些记叙、说明。抒情、描写的手法。
一定要好好看哦!!!!!!!!!!!!!
我们日常生活中有不少“小事”;;比如,在汽车上给别的乘客“让座”,不随地吐痰,不说脏话,这些看起来都是“小事”,但是找们写应该学会“借题发挥”。“小题大作”。有同学写这样的作文卜电影院敞〕*入场的启示人《发扬一厘钱精神》、《说脏话不文明》该怎样处理议论文中的“叙事’”和“议论’”的关系呢?不应该仅仅就事论事而不展开议论,也不应该只去叙述事例的详细过程而不作分析议论。比方说,议论学习必须刻苦时用大部分篇幅去讲杨乐、张广厚从小学到大学的学习故事就没有必要了。“就事论事”和“以叙代议”,都是不好的。
要明确你所要“叙”的事.可能是作为“引子”以引出论点,也叶能是作为事实论据以证明论点。“叙”的目的,是为了更好地去“议”。
“叙事”要围绕中心思想,既要概括,又要有一些具体内容。那些人所共知的事情就不要不点其详地去讲。而那些足以作为论据来证明论点的事则要作为重点写清楚,以便阐发开去,讲清道理。
写议论文分析说理不能不着边际,不能主观臆断。不能认为不论怎么讲都有理。分析说理正确不正确,有~个客观的标准,要从正确的立场观点出发去看问题。
让我们来看看下面这些“分析”对不对。
有同学这样“分析”:我们常常看到这样的人,他们看到别人恭维他就高兴。其实,恭维活有好的,也有坏的,我们只能听好的恭维话。
恭维话就是不好的。它虽然“好听”,却“不好”。所以也就谈不上什么可以去“听
好的恭维话”
这里顺便讲一讲“联系自己的`具体(或者说是“联系自己的具体事例”)和“联系实际”的问题。
“联系自己的具体事例”和“联系实际”都应该具体、恰当。但它们也有不同:前者侧重在自己的体会,后者则可以是更为广泛的社会上的情况。比方说,老师讲了一个故事:齐宣王好射箭,而且很喜欢别人夸他能拉硬弓。他左右的传臣听了,有意地说一些奉承话来讨好地。明明他只能拉开“三石”(这里读dan,古时候一石为一百二十斤),却有意说他能拉开“九石”。有的还去试着拉弓,拉到中间就故意装出有气无力拉不开的样子,讨好说“您这弓太硬,除了您,谁也拉不开。像我们这样的小人怎么能拉开呢”这样一来,齐宣王到死也以为自己能拉‘九石”,而不知道只能够拉“三石”。像这样的材料,你可以广泛地联系社会生活实际,却不大好联系自己的“体会”。可是有同学却偏要“联系自己”,说“自己也像齐宣王那样爱听吹捧自己的话”。有同学“联系社会实际”,却又讲得似是而非:“今天社会上还有许多齐宣王式的人物,走后门、请客送礼就是其表现之一。”这些“分析”,都是失之偏颇的,把事情的性质弄混了。
我们应该学会分析。分析的方法,就是辩证的方法。看问题要全面,要防止片面性、绝对化。
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