导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
今年放暑假我去了南方农村的奶奶家,度过了一个炎热而难忘的假期。年过八旬的奶奶由于长年劳累已经腰弯背驼,可是她仍然是过着日出而作,日落而息的生活。天天看着她这样的`辛苦劳作,在我脑海中不由得萌生出帮奶奶一起去种地的念头。奶奶只是给我安排一些简单的任务:把肥料均匀的洒在庄稼地里。我学着奶奶的样子,把肥料一瓢瓢地浇在地里,肥料的气味吹散开,我看着直想呕吐。正在浇的时候,我突然发现从地缝里钻出一只蜈蚣,吓得我头皮炸起。可奶奶依然淡定的忙碌着。看着奶奶那么平静,我觉得自己虽然五尺男儿却如此胆怯,内心非常惭愧。接着,我跟着奶奶把成熟的豆角儿一个个从藤架上摘到筐里。我们一边摘豆角,奶奶一边给讲什么样的农作物在什么时期可以摘下来,什么时期还不能摘。我从劳作中体会到粮食的来之不易。忙碌了一天下来,汗水浸湿了整件衣服,在阳光的炙烤下,皮肤变得黝黑,而且起满了痱子,奇痒难忍。我不禁问奶奶: 为什么您这么大年岁还要耕地。难道您不闲累吗? 奶奶严肃的对我说: 爷爷奶奶年轻的时候,只有靠种地维持生计。在你爸爸出生后的那一年,正逢大旱,地面干裂,所有的庄稼都枯萎了。那一年因为饥荒饿死了很多人。奶奶一家人几口人只能从干裂的土地下刨出些可食的野菜充饥。这样才能幸存下来。 奶奶并没有告诉我为什么要种地,但是我从她的经历中感受到她对土地的挚爱,对土地给予她一切的感激。
对于我们这一代人来说,节约粮食的意识并不是很强,在城里长大的孩子,更难体会到粮食从耕种到收获是多么的艰辛。尽管我们每天都在老师的熏陶之下,承诺尽量不去浪费粮食,但难免还是会把剩饭倒掉。盛多少、倒与不倒,一念之差。如果没有去切身体会,是感受不到农民的辛劳。更难以理解粮食的来之为易。
土地给予我们丰盛的食物,如果我们一昧的浪费它,总有一天这份有限的资源也会因此而匮乏,我们只有去珍惜它,生活才能变得更幸福。
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