1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
For thousands of years, animals have trodden a slow path, their spirits together with the body。 But our human being\'s transportation is too fast。 The body moves but the soul is left behind。 We try to free ourselves in convenience, but we only imprison the soul。 Since we invented how to count hours, we do everything to short the time, short the deadline。 But the time saved can\'t be shorten。 Nowadays, we spend lots of time staying in front of a TV just changing the channels, while we have no time to talk with a good friend or play with our family。 We have plenty of time to search old news on the internet, while we hardly think about our life。 In the end, the only thing apparent is our loneliness。
Take your time, please。 Try to follow the natural steps and have your own clock。 Try to share your time with everybody you love, share your mind, your happiness and sadness。 Try to read the world we live in, do not only catch a quick glimpse at the society。
Someday, when we know how to spend every second in our life, we can then live our own life。
古人云:一粥一饭当思来之不易。是啊,珍惜粮食,当应该从我做起。
记得新闻上说:我国只占有世界上7%的耕地,却养活了世界上22%的人口!非洲还有很多地方吃不上饭,非洲的儿童依然骨瘦如柴!我国的贫困地区依然还有很多人无饭可食!我国的农民伯伯面朝黄土背朝天,“谁知盘中餐,粒粒皆辛苦”!
可是我们呢?我们的生活如此富足,却忘记了那句话:成由勤俭败由奢!曾记得有这样一个故事:一个有钱的小伙子每天去老太太的馄饨馆吃馄饨,可是他不吃皮只吃馅,有天他因为浪费***了,再去老太太的馄饨馆时,老太太给他端上一碗面来,他吃的很美味,觉得时间珍馐不过如此!老太太却说:“这就是你每天浪费的馄饨皮做的呀!”每天早上,我们偶尔洒落新鲜的牛奶,经常抛弃吃了一半的美味面包;每天中午或晚上,我们倒掉一半一半的馒头,或者炒了菜、并不合胃口而无情的抛弃它们!比如,有一次,我在学校吃过饭后,发现与我邻座的一位同学饭还没有吃完一半,便拍拍衣服,转身走了。这让我感到很生气,她不仅仅浪费的是一碗饭,还浪费了农民伯伯辛苦一年的劳动成果呀!像这样的事例有很多很多,这不由得让我深深地思考起一个问题来:为什么? 中国人会如此浪费? 中国人特有的美德一一节俭到底哪去了?甚至在饭店里,为了面子,点了一堆一堆,根本就吃不完,却从来不打包????这一切,都是可耻的浪费啊!我们该怎么做呢?节约粮食,从我做起!从现在做起!比如,在
家里,可以跟妈妈说做适量的饭;在学校,每次去食堂都要珍惜粮食,不多要,不浪费,轻拿轻放而不洒落,文明用餐;在饭店,不多点餐,够食即可,如果真的吃不上,可以打包带走,留着下一顿吃。甚至在买菜的时候,少买勤买????有人说,你这样,是不是太算计了呢?可是,你可曾看见农民伯伯汗水滴落的样子?你可曾看见贫穷的孩子泪水滑落的样子?你可曾看过大山里的人们瘦弱佝偻的样子?
所以,我真诚的发出呼吁:珍惜粮食,从我做起,从现在做起!光盘行动你我他,珍惜粮食靠大家。让我们行动起来,使每一个中国人都有饭吃,不让中国成为腐败之国,让我们现在开始行动起来吧!
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
对于我们这一代人来说,节约粮食的意识并不是很强,在城里长大的孩子,更难体会到粮食从耕种到收获是多么的艰辛。尽管我们每天都在老师的熏陶之下,承诺尽量不去浪费粮食,但难免还是会把剩饭倒掉。盛多少、倒与不倒,一念之差。如果没有去切身体会,是感受不到农民的辛劳。更难以理解粮食的来之为易。
土地给予我们丰盛的食物,如果我们一昧的浪费它,总有一天这份有限的资源也会因此而匮乏,我们只有去珍惜它,生活才能变得更幸福。
© 2022 xuexicn.net,All Rights Reserved.