导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
活泼开朗的我是一个爱看书的小女孩,利用暑假我看了很多书,其中我最喜欢的就是《中国寓言故事精选》这本书了,它让我明白了许多道理,书中有一则《愚公移山》让我受益匪浅。
文中的主人公是一位快九十岁,名叫愚公的老汉,正是他通过那种坚韧不拔,永不言弃的精神感动了上帝,上帝帮助了他,使他把太行山和王屋山挖平,开出了一条直通豫州。汉水的大道而造福于后人。
由此而想,只要我们有顽强的毅力,坚定的决心,坚持不懈,奋斗不息,再大的困难也能克服。
其实,古今中外,也有许多像愚公一样的人,他们也是普普通通的人,但他们的精神却是让所有人都难以忘怀的。
大家都知道海伦。凯特吧!她从小就是一个残疾人,双目失明,双耳失聪,可是她没有被困难所****,她向困难挑战,不分昼夜的拼命摸读盲文,最终成为著名的作家。
《国榷》的作者谈迁也像海伦。凯特一样,自己花了二十几年心血完成的《国榷》一夜之间被小偷给偷走了,那时的他已经是六十多岁的老人了,可他却没有被厄运打挎,凭着坚强的意志力,坚定的信念,奋勇向前的精神,重新写出了一部比原先更加准确的《国榷》,战胜了厄运。
今年北京奥运会,中国女子射箭运动员张娟以110:109一分的优势打败了历年奥运会一直包揽这个项目金牌的韩国运动员,取得了冠军,突破了中国历史性的记录,这个金牌是多么的来之不易啊!中国自古以来射箭这个项目就从来没有拿过冠军,今年她创造了奇迹,在她的背后付出了多少的艰辛,多少的汗水,是她通过坚持不懈的训练,不怕苦,不怕累,不怕失败,坚强不息才换来今天这个辉煌成绩的。
对照上面的伟人,联系我自己,记得从前我连篮球都不会拍,但是我每天通过不停地训练,日复一日,持之以恒,竟成了校篮球队的一员。这当中,我经常不是被篮球砸到头,就是跌倒擦破了皮,身上青一块紫一块,但我一滴眼泪也没有流,每天身上流满了汗,但我还是坚持、坚持、再坚持。在老师的教导下,我们还代表润州区参加了镇江市的小学生篮球比赛,在比赛中,我们超水平发挥获得了冠军。这个结果不是偶然的,是靠我们每天不懈的训练才取得的成绩。
其实,我们每个人只要有顽强的毅力,不被挫折所打败的可贵精神,要相信,坚持不懈就一定能成功。
朋友,当你胜利时,你充满着喜悦与激情。
朋友,当你失败时,你面带着沮丧与苦恼。
无论成与败,都已是昨天。那么昨天我们可以叫做历史,那么历史也就见证明天,见证未来。
对于成功的你,是否听过这样一句熟语“好汉不提当年勇”。诚然,昨天是你最高兴的日子,可是你是否考虑过明天,考虑过未来,昨天永远都是昨天,它不代表今日的成就与辉煌。所以对于成功的你,应该不松懈,不狂妄,不骄傲,继续保持你努力的干劲儿。相信自己,明天的胜利还是会属于你。
那年夏天,我和爸爸一起去登山。由于刚下过雨,所以路面很滑。我在前面,爸爸在后面。我们一步一滑的上山,进程很慢。突然,我脚下一滑,从上面跌落下来,我连忙抓住一些草,于是我重背包中拿出了一个小的登山构钩,利用小的登山钩我慢慢追上了爸爸。快到山顶的时候,有一个陡坡,我利用草和登山钩用尽全身力气,终于登上了山顶。
到了山顶,父亲还表扬了我,虽然天气很热,但我很高兴。同学们知道我为什么能登上山顶吗?因为我在半途中没有放弃,从中夜懂得了一个道理:失败乃成功之母。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
坚持不懈的前进
学习好的同学就像材料中那只竭尽全力到达塔顶的那只蛤蟆,而学习中等的学生就像那些半途而废的蛤蟆,学习不好的学生就像那些停下来的蛤蟆。所以我们不要做那些想学习好的请教的人,应做别人想自己请教问题的人,总的来说我们不能做学习的奴隶,应做学习的主人。诸葛亮曾经说过;“志当存高远。”罗曼.罗兰说过:最可怕的敌人,就是自己没有坚定的信念和顽强的毅力。”因此,我们自不要被困难和别人的话把自己吓倒,只有自食其力向着自己的目标奋斗才能达成所愿。只有不断地为自己加油为自己鼓劲,才能达成。如果一个人没有坚持不懈地毅力,是不能达成自己的目标。荀子曾经说过:“契二舍之,朽木不折;契而不舍,金石可镂。”
坚持的例子很多,如我爸的时候,初中生活可以说是艰难中度过的,从家里到县中学要经过一条长达七公里的山沟,道路崎岖,只能步行。每周回家一次,背上满满的一代口粮,到学校作为下一周的口粮,遇到下雨,下雪,不知要摔多少跤,到了学校满身都是泥,然而父亲没有被压倒,学习生活虽然很苦,但只要不畏艰辛,目标就一定会实现,父亲就在这样的信念下读完了初中哦年。又如从前,有一个书生骑着骡子有书童挑着书配他进京赶考,路过一个村子时,有人在背后指指点点:“瞧,这个书生骑着骡子赶考。”书生把骡子送人了。自己和书童去赶考。走了一段,又有人说:“瞧,这个书生带着书童去赶考。”于是,书生把书童辞了。自己挑着书去赶考。一会,又有人说:“这个书生自己挑着书籍去赶考。”书生听了丢下书籍什么也不要了,最后,他身无分文,沿途乞讨。看到他的人又说:看,这个书生什么也不带,还进京赶考呢!”书生听了之后后悔不已。以上两个例子一个是坚持不懈,一个是自己没有主见,所以我们要自有主见,不能停了什么就放弃什么。
我们不要被困难吓倒我们应勇敢的面对困难。让我们做自由主见,别人说对就可听,不能自无主见。
坚持不懈才能成功
我在做作业的时候,有几道题我怎么做也做不正确,我很生气的摔下作业,呆呆的发呆。这时,就有2只蚂蚁爬上写字台,一黑一红,于是,我便把它们捉起来,放在了玻璃杯里。反正是闲着无聊,我便凝神细视,观察它们的一举一动。一开始,它们两只顾往上爬,但似乎心有余而力不足,爬了几步就从光溜溜的杯壁上滑了下来,经历了几次从杯上摔下来后,红蚂蚁似乎放弃了求生的机会,只顾在杯中乱爬。再看看黑蚂蚁,它却好象没放弃,在经过了一次又一次的摔倒之后,那只黑蚂蚁终于爬上了杯子的边缘,但由于一不小心,又从边缘重重的摔回了杯中,前功尽弃了……我本以为黑蚂蚁会和红蚂蚁一样放弃,但它的行动却出乎我的意料之外,只见它重新振作起精神,又经过三番五次的失败,最后,凭着顽强的毅力终于爬出了杯子,获得了自由,获得了新的生命。黑蚂蚁的那种不屈不挠的精神,正如这句所说的:如果有第一万次的失败,也要有第一万零一次站起来的勇气与精神!我被黑蚂蚁那坚持不懈的求生***所感动。不禁暗暗感叹:在生活中,我们多么应该学习黑蚂蚁那种为了生存而顽强不屈,不放弃一线生机的精神啊!虽然蚂蚁十分渺小,但它的精神却是伟大的。只有坚持不懈的努力,就会创造奇迹。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
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