1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
麻辣烫是我们这儿著名的风味小吃!
麻辣烫的味儿好,看相也好。晶莹的粉丝浸在深红色的汤里,一条条碧绿的伴着黄色的豆腐泡、绿色的青菜、灰白的蘑菇和透明的.粉皮散落其间,真是令人垂涎三尺、口水直流啊!
麻辣烫做法十分简单,来了客人,随手抓一把洗净的粉丝放入竹制漏勺里,再加上青菜、粉皮、海带、蘑菇和豆腐泡。然后在热汤里来回晃动,烫上一两分钟,将烫熟的粉丝和菜放入碗里,再放上佐料倒上汤,然后伴一伴。就这样一碗色香味形俱全的麻辣烫做成了。如果有爱吃辣的朋友可以浇勺红红的辣油哦!
吃麻辣烫也挺有意思。吃粉丝时,我喜欢大口大口的吃,挑起一大把,一下放入口中,“嘘”的一下全都到嘴里,真是顺滑爽口啊!吃海带、青菜、蘑菇、粉皮和豆腐泡时我先用舌头舔一舔它的“粗”味道,再细细地咀嚼,品尝它的“细”味道。
有一天,我吃麻辣烫时,由于吸粉丝过猛,汤溅的我满身都是,弄得我狼狈不堪。但我还爱吃,所以我给麻辣烫取了别名百吃不厌!
我爱家乡的麻辣烫,因为它给我们带来了无限的欢乐、无限的快乐!
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
麻辣烫味儿好,看相也好。晶莹的粉条儿浸在深红色的辣汤里,一条条红色的.鸭血伴着绿色的青菜,褐色的花生散落其间,真是令人垂涎三尺!
麻辣烫做法很简单:来了客人,随手抓一把洗净的粉条儿放入竹制的漏勺里,在热汤里来回地晃动,烫上一两分钟。将烫熟的粉条倒进碗里,再捞出些鸭血和青菜,加上辣汤水,撒上备用的花生,一碗色香味俱全的麻辣烫就做成了。
吃麻辣烫也挺有意思。吃粉条儿时,我喜欢一根一根地吃,找到粉条儿的“头”以后,“嘘”地一下吸进嘴里,真是顺滑爽口呀!吃鸭血、青菜、花生时,我先用舌头舔一舔它的“粗”味,再细细地咀嚼、品尝它的细味道。这美味可口的四川麻辣烫,使我吃一回,再想吃一回。
真不愧是四川有名的风味小吃啊!
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