有本领的人,多半希望生活能有曲折,多变化,才觉得够刺激而时时有所收获。所以做事的曲曲折折,是给你的一点刺激,正可提高你的注意力,考验你的能力,训练你的品性。
从表面看,挫折是你的失败,然而再做进一步探讨的话,挫折对你是有益而无损的,在很多情况下说教是无用的,而必须经过实际的挫折才能成功。
有些人在遭遇挫折后,总是不先自己设法应付,却先想到可以求救,朋友有力,就向朋友求救,教别人来冲锋,自己坐享其成。这样虽然遭到挫折,却和未遭到挫折一样,他的生活还是安适顺当的,不必苦其心志,不必劳其筋骨,也不必饿其体肤、横于虑、困于心。因此他的'生活一点也不会丰富,即使成功,这成功也好像芝草短根,豆泉短源,一点也不稳固。
有些人遭到挫折时,并没有后援可以求救,逼得他不得不自己去应付,然而一面应付,一面却感到棘手,于是就发牢***,以为“我生不辰,逢此鞠凶”,以为人为其易,我为其难,于是奋斗精神就打了很大的折扣,如此一来,小挫折还能勉强应付,大挫折就一定应付不了了。他的牢***,绝不是对挫折而发,而是对人而发,以为一切亲戚朋友,都是见义不为,都是坐观成败,却不知道自己的奋斗程度,达不到引起亲戚朋友同情的程度呢!
有些人在遭遇挫折时,把自己的能力估计得太低,把挫折估计太高,因此心慌意乱,不敢与之奋斗,立即竖起了白旗,自愿投降,认为前面的路既然走不通,倒不如向后退去,以保全实力,与其前进而玉碎,不如退后求瓦全。于是他的人生,只有采用“混”字诀,混到哪里算哪里,抱着混的人生态度,还有什么成功可言?只好做人的附庸,受人支配,受人指挥,做些无关紧要的工作,希望工作越简单越好,责任越轻越好。望见了困难,便往别人身上推,或急急躲到后面去,免得遭遇挫折,他自以为这是所谓的不吃眼前亏呢!
有些人遭遇挫折,便发脾气,不想想应付的办法,只是一味顶撞、好勇斗狠,不计得失、不问成败,什么曲线战术,什么迂回战术,什么侧击包围,什么把握要紧,他概不注意,只知固执不化,只知蛮干到底,结果是小事变大事,大事变成不可收拾的局面。历史上项羽就是这种典型,到了兵临城下,四面楚歌,还要以斩将扯旗,表示他的本领,直到自刎以前,还要说:“此天亡我,非战之罪也!”谁知他的失败,却是失败于发脾气和一味顶撞呢!
有些人遭遇挫折时,一面应付,一面忍耐,但并不是想立即解决困难,而在维持现状,认为只需控制时间,深信挫折是会随时间而有变化,等变化到有利于他的时候,挫折自会化为乌有。这种长期应付办法,在绝对劣势的局面下,的确是很好的战略,但是在均势局面上,便不需要这个旷日持久的办法了。而且一味地拖,而不把发展的趋势控制在手里,单单控制时间,会养成贻患、铸成大错呢!
所以,在遭遇挫折时最现实的应付办法,是在事情未发生之前就注意到它的警示,预先做好准备,挫折虽大也要处之泰然,兵来将挡水来土掩,注意事情的变化,控制事情的动向,将情势从被动转到主动,不焦急不懈怠,该做事的时候做事,该休息的时候休息,不轻敌不悲观,沉着应付,不怕打击。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
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