第一步:温杯烫罐温杯烫罐也叫“治器”。包括:起火,掏火,扇炉,洁器,候水,淋杯(壶)等六个动作。先起火大约十几分钟后,当水声飕飕作响时,那就是“鱼眼水”(95℃-98℃的水)将成了,应立即将水壶提起,淋罐淋杯,起到高温消毒的作用。
第二步:引龙入宫引龙入宫也叫“纳茶”,就是将茶叶倒在一张白色的纸上,粗细分开,把最粗的放在罐底和壶嘴处,再将细未放在中层,最后才将粗叶放在上面。这样,纳茶的工夫就完成了。为什么要这样做呢?是因为茶未(碎茶)是最浓的,茶末多了容易发苦,同时也容易堵塞壶嘴,如果粗细均匀,就可以使茶味逐渐发挥了。纳茶:每一泡茶,大约以茶壶、茶叶的品种为标准;如:铁观音大概以茶壶的五份之二、黄枝香、大红袍、水仙茶则要以八分满、而一叶茶则放一片就够了;如果没有按茶壶、茶叶的品种来分配,茶叶放多的话,不但泡出的茶太浓,而且味带苦涩,茶水混浊,甚至有时连水也冲不进去了;如放得太少就没有味道。所以“纳茶”是冲工夫茶的\'第一步功夫。
第三步:闻声起羹闻声起羹也叫候汤,曾有苏东坡的煎茶诗云:“蟹眼已过鱼眼生”,也就是说用这时候的水来泡茶是最好的。也有《茶说》云:“汤者茶之司命,见其沸如鱼目,微微有声,是为一沸;铫缘涌如连珠,是为二沸;腾波鼓浪,是为三沸;一沸太稚,谓之婴儿沸;三沸太老,谓之百寿汤;若水面浮珠,声若松涛,是为二沸,正好之候也,《大观茶论》也说:“凡用汤以鱼目蟹眼连锋进跃为度。”科学的说法,泡工夫茶的水温最好是95℃-98℃。
第四步:高山流水当水二沸时,就可以提水壶冲茶。揭开茶壶盖,将沸水环壶口,沿壶边冲入,切忌直冲壶心(如用盖瓯,冲一角,然后再冲各角,同样忌直冲壶心)。提水壶宜高,正所谓“高冲低斟”。高冲使开水有力地冲击茶叶,使茶的香味更快的挥发,让茶香精迅速挥发,茶叶中单磷酸则来不及溶解,所以茶叶才不会有涩滞。所以冲水这个程序是工夫茶之中最重要的。
第五步:淋盖刮沫也叫“春风拂面”。冲水一定要冲满,茶壶是否“三山齐”,水平面如何,这时就可以看到了,好茶壶水满后茶沫浮起,决不溢出,左手提壶盖,右手提水壶,轻轻刮去茶沫,然后盖定。
第六步:里应外合里应外合也叫“淋罐”,即盖好壶盖,再以滚水淋于壶上。淋罐有个作用:一是使热气内外夹攻,逼使茶香精迅速挥发,追加热气;二是小停片刻,罐身水份全干,即是茶熟;三是冲去壶外茶沫。潮汕人有个风俗,第一遍茶水是不喝的,用来清洗茶叶,同时清洗茶杯。
第七步:货如轮转潮汕有句俗话说“烧盅热罐”也即洗杯。乃是冲功夫茶中最有意思最富有艺术性的动作,即用一个茶杯竖放于另一个茶杯中,用三只手指转动清洗,表示财源滚滚的意思。熟练者可以同时两手洗两个杯,动作迅速,声调铿锵,姿态美妙。
第八步:关公巡城、韩信点兵这一道是工夫茶中另一道重要程序,也即是洒茶。第一遍茶水洗过茶杯之后,再从第三步做起,候汤、冲水、淋罐。洒茶也有四字诀:低,快,匀,尽。“低”就是前面所说的“高冲低斟”的“低”。洒茶切不可高,高则香味散失,泡沫四起,对客人极不尊敬;“快”也是为了使香味不散失,且可保持茶的热度。“匀”就是匀均,使每一杯茶同色同香同量,也是对每一位客人的同等尊敬,也就是工夫茶讲究的“关公巡城”;“尽”就是不要让余水留在壶中;因为只要没有水在,单磷酸就不能溶解,茶就不会苦涩,潮汕人还有个说法是把茶的精华(茶香精)都滴出来,称为“韩信点兵”,取“韩信点兵,多多益善”的意思。
第九步:敬茶品茗最后是敬请贵客品茶了,敬茶也有个讲究,就是先从左边的第一个客人开始敬起,从左到右。因为中国的传统是以左为先、以左为大的。品茗(喝茶)也有讲究:用右手的拇指和食指端着茶杯的边沿,中指护着杯底,叫“三龙护宝”,无名指和尾指收紧,不能指向别人,以示对别人的尊重。
There are a small number of people called “the moonlight clan” in our society, who always run out of their income each month and have no plan to save money. Concerning with this kind of consumption conception, some consider it as a fashion while other oppose it.
在我们的社会中有一小部分人叫“月光族”,他们每个月总是没有钱剩余也没有存钱的计划。关于这种消费观念,有人认为是时尚而其他则持反对态度。
Those who are in favor of this kind of consumption conception point out that being moonlight clan let them have more chances to enjoy lives and live in a high-quality life. However, the opponents argue that it is not a kind of rational conception because those called “the moonlight clan” may have no ability to cope with their rainy day. In addition, this kind of consumption habit put a premium on extravagance and waste to some extent.
那些支持这种消费观念的人指出成为月光族让他们有更多的机会享受生活,过高质量的生活。然而,反对者则认为那不是理性的概念,因为那些所谓的“月光族”在他们低迷的时候可能没有能力应付。此外,这种消费习惯在某种程度上形成了奢侈浪费。
Taking the two opinions into consideration, I am inclined to agree with the latter one. From my point of view, the life of the moonlight clan is more luxurious or high-quality but they may be lack of sense of security, especially in their rainy day. Therefore, I still advocate that all of us should keep some money at any time so that we will not be too difficult in our rainy day.
考虑到以上两个观点,我倾向于同意后者。从我的角度来看,月光族的生活更豪华或质量更高但是他们也许会缺乏安全感,尤其是低迷的时候。因此,我仍然认为我们所有人在任何时候都应该存一些钱,这样在困难的时候就不会过得太艰辛。
在我的印象中桂林是阳光明媚的地方。我每年都梦想去那里度假。桂林以它美丽的自然风光出名。
Firstly, owing to the goodlatitude, it's neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. So it seems likespring all the year round.
首先,由于良好的.纬度,冬天不是很冷夏天也不太热。所以那里是四季如春。
Secondly, as no large industrythere and focus on tourism, there's almost no pollution. Maybe we can enjoy ourbeautiful nature there.
其次,由于那里没有大型工业区,重点关注的是旅游,所以那里几乎没有污染。也许我们可以在那里享受到我们大自然的美丽的风光。
Thirdly, the landscape in Guilinis the best in the world. For example, Lijiang River is as clean as a mirror.While boating on Lijiang River, I found myself in wonderland. The mountains alongthe river are so fantastic. Some of them look like animals; some of them looklike plants; and some of them look like human beings. The elephant mountain,it's the symbol of the city.
第三,在桂林的景观是世界上最好的。例如,丽江像镜子一样干净。在丽江上划船,我觉得自己犹如在仙境中一般。河边的山是如此的奇妙。其中一些看起来像动物;有些看起来像植物;有些看起来像人类。象鼻山,是这个城市的象征。
What's more, it's also worth visitingthe silver cave. It's eroded by carbon dioxide and water falls. As you enterinto the cave, you will discover yourself in another fanciful world. You can'timagine how magic our nature is.
而且,银子岩也是值得参观的。它是由二氧化碳和倾斜而下的水形成的。你进入洞中,你会觉得自己身处于一个幻想中的世界。你无法想象我们的大自然是多么的神奇。
When students finish their high school, most of them will to go study in college, the first thing they do is to choose the major. Choosing the major is a big problem for every college student, not only for Chinese students, but also for the students around the world. Students will face the factors such as their interest is more important or the future of the major worth being first concerned.
当学生读完高中,大部分人会去大学学习,他们要做的第一件事就是选择专业。选择专业是对每个大学生来讲都是件大事,并不仅仅对于中国的学生,对于全世界的学生来说都一样。学生仍然面临着他们的兴趣更重要还是专业的将来更重要的问题。
On the one hand, most parents care about the future of the major. When students decide the major, parents will interfere with their own opinion, they want their children can have a bring future, so they care much about the needed talent of the society. Thus the children can find a promising job and earn more money.
一方面,大部分父母关注专业的未来。当学生选择专业时,父母会干涉,他们想要孩子有一个光明的未来,所以他们很关注社会需要什么样的\'人才。这样孩子可以找到一份有前途的工作,赚更多的钱。
On the other hand, students want to choose the major that they are interested. This is often contradicting with their parents’ opinion. Some students want to learn art, but most parents won’t be allowed it because it is hard for students to find a job. Everyone admits that interest is the first factor, with it, students will feel happy.
另一方面,学生想要选择他们感兴趣的专业。这经常和父母的意见相左。一些学生想要学艺术,但是大部分父母不会同意,因为这很难让学生找到工作。每个人都觉得兴趣是第一个要素,有了兴趣,学生才会感到快乐。
When choosing the major, students should considerate their parents’ opinion, most parents are open-minded, they will respect the kids’ willingness.
当选择专业的时候,学生应该考虑他们父母的意见,大部分父母是开明的,他们会尊重孩子的意愿。
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