如果一封信写完了,突然又想起遗漏的事情,这时用p.s.表示,再写上遗漏的话即可,要长话短说。通常在信末签名下面几行的左方,应于正文齐头。
注意:在正式的信函中,应避免使用附言。
到大学,参观图书馆几乎是必修课,这次在哈佛也不例外。出乎我意料的是,这一参观竟然花了一天时间,还有很多图书馆没去。
到哈佛之前,我知道哈佛的图书馆很多,但没想到有这么多。连带领我参观的哈佛教育学院的博士生安德鲁·斯科特也不清楚哈佛究竟有多少图书馆。一个笼统的说法是,学校有综合图书馆,有专业图书馆,每个学院有图书馆,甚至学生宿舍里也有图书馆,大致有100座。
哈佛的图书馆当然不是以数量取胜的。其藏书的丰富和环境的舒适、服务的到位,让我大开眼界。在燕京图书馆,多位在这里做交换生、访问学者的中国学者告诉我,在这里,找到了很多国内图书馆根本查不到的资料。
图书馆里随处有可以免费上网的电脑,可自由使用。安德鲁·斯科特还特别带我去看了图书馆里的一件设备——扫描仪,学生也可免费使用,只需花一些时间,就可以把一本书全部扫描存进自己的U盘,然后带回去慢慢看。扫描仪根本没人看管,就是学生自己用,这在国内的大学几乎是不可想象的。
国内大学的图书馆近年来也有一些大的变化,一个突出的特点就是“大”。大图书馆很气派,可学生们使用却不方便,从宿舍或教学楼到图书馆要走很远不说,查找自己需要的图书也颇费神,还有好多图书找不到。
哈佛的图书馆散布在学校之中,图书馆所在的建筑物也不高,学生们走进图书馆十分方便。哈佛法学院的图书馆尤其令我印象深刻,座位都十分宽敞,相当于国内大学图书馆中三到四个学生的位置,而且所有其他院系的学生都可使用。
另外,国内大学图书馆的功能已经悄然变化:不是学生借阅图书的地方,倒成了学生们的自修室。去年,某高校图书馆对馆藏资源的利用率进行了统计,结果显示,新购买图书的零借阅率为40%—60%,新购图书的借阅情况都如此不乐观,可见整体借阅情况是多么不堪。而在哈佛,到图书馆借阋图书则成为学习的必须。
这是与哈佛的教学要求相关的。哈佛十分重视教学,不管教授的.学术水平多高,包括诺贝尔奖获得者,都必须给本科生上课。教育学院的一位留学生让我看了几门课程的学习要求,每一门课老师都布置学生阅读10本以上的图书。学生们须老老实实把书借来,认真阅读,否则就跟不上课程,在讨论课上插不上嘴,也难以完成课程论文的撰写(有的课程要生完成三篇课程论文)。读书对所有哈佛学生来说,都是一件很“辛苦”的事。在图书馆里读书到通宵,是不少学生都曾有的经历。当然,国内大学有的学生也有这种经历,但那是发生在复习迎考的一两周中,“临时抱佛脚”突击准备。
人们常说,大学里教授和图书馆是最重要的两大资源,哈佛将这两者有机地统一在一起。由此给我们展示的是一个学习氛围特别浓郁的大学景象。虽然哈佛没有校门,公交车就在学校教学楼、图书馆门前停靠,间或还有汽车喇叭声,但你不觉得这里嘈杂、浮躁,走进图书馆,就走进了学习的圣殿。可为何在国内,大学门禁森严,却很难呼吸到学习的空气呢?
有哈佛学生告诉我,有这100座图书馆在,哈佛就会一直在。我想,他所指的是哈佛的精神。而国内大学的图书馆,更多的是被称为“图书馆”的一座建筑,并没有活的灵魂,与大学和学生的教育,似乎并没有多大的关系。
绿川幸是我最喜爱的日本漫画家之一。他的漫画作品大多以短篇为主,构思巧妙,因而拥有众多漫迷。
Through her works, my favorite one is Xiamuyourenzhang.
在她的作品中我最喜爱的一部是《夏目友人帐》。
The comic book mainly talks about that the hero Xiamuguizhi has a special ability to see the bogies. He is unsociable because his parents are dead. And he often lives in his relatives' home when he is a little boy and his friends at his age always tease him because he has a special ability. Although he experiences many unfortunate things, he is still very kind and without complaint at anyone. Eventually he is adopted by a couple who is very friendly and let him go to high school. One day, He is pursued by a bogie and hid in a shrine. He breaks a powerful bogie‘s seal whose name is Ban. And that involves her grandmother Xiamulingzi’s relics--a contract that sigh with the bogies. Since then, this powerful bogie turns itself into a cat in daily life to stay with Xiamu to protect him with the condition that Xiamu should give the contract to it after he die. But before that Xiamu decides to try his best to give the name in the contracts to the bogies and let them get free. Thus, a loving, touching, scary story is opened up.
《夏目友人帐》主要讲述了男主人公夏目贵志拥有可以看到妖怪的特殊能力。因为父母双亡他的性格较为孤僻,并且由于他具有特殊的能力,他常辗转在于亲戚之间并被同龄人欺负。虽然他经历了许多不幸,但他依旧有好善良没有埋怨任何人。最终他被有好善良的藤原夫妇收养并进入高中。有一天,他被妖怪追赶躲进神社,不小心打破了一只强大妖怪斑的封印。并牵涉到了他祖母夏目玲子的'遗物—一本同妖怪签订的契约书。之后,这只强大的妖怪平时便变成猫的样子待在夏目身边保护他,但是他的条件是夏目死后要把这本契约书给它。但在此之前夏目决定尽其所能把契约书上的名字还给妖怪们让它们得到自由。由此,一个个温馨、感人、惊险的故事就此展开。
In addition, yuki midorikawa has another special work called Yinghuozhisen is also really moving ,sad and beautiful. I suggest that you all can watch it when you have free time.
此外,绿川幸的另一部作品《萤火之森》同样十分治愈感人建议大家有空可以看看。
是写信人对收信人的称呼用语。位置在信内地址下方一、二行的地方,从该行的顶格写起,在称呼后面一般用逗号(英国式,也可以用冒号(美国式。
(1写给亲人、亲戚和关系密切的朋友时,用dear或my dear再加上表示亲属关系的称呼或直称其名(这里指名字,不是姓氏。例如:my dear father,dear tom等。
(2写给公务上的信函用dear madam,dear sir或gentleman(gentlemen。注意:dear纯属公务上往来的客气形式。gentlemen总是以复数形式出现,前不加dear,是dear sir的复数形式。
(3写给收信人的信,也可用头衔、职位、职称、学位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如:dear prof. tim scales, dear dr.john smith。
A Letter to the University President
Dear Sir,
I am writing to put up some suggestions concerning our teaching and campus life.
As a sophomore from the Math Department, I am quite satisfied with the present condition of my university, but I餯 like to say that there is still some room for improvement.
First, I believe that more attention should be paid to the guidance of our study methods. To some extent, university students are capable of studying by themselves, but more often than never, we find ourselves at a loss as to choose good books to read and appropriate topics for our research. It is clear that we need some advice from our teachers. If our teachers can lecture more on how to learn by yourself for us, especially for the freshmen, our skills will be further improved.
Second, more activities should be conducted to make our campus life more colorful. I sorry to say that the present life on campus is quite boring. Every day we have classes, read in the library, or stay in the dormitory. Life here is routine. We need more meaningful activities organized to enrich our college life and enable us to study more efficiently.
位置在下面称呼语隔一行,是信的核心部分。因此要求正文层次分明、简单易懂。和中文信不同的'是,正文中一般不用hello!(你好!
正文有缩进式和齐头式两种。每段书信第一行的第一个字母稍微向右缩进些,通常以五个字母为宜,每段第二行从左面顶格写起,这就是缩进式。
但美国人写信各段落往往不用缩进式,用齐头式,即每一行都从左面顶格写起。商务信件大都采用齐头式的写法。
Dear Mercy,
亲爱的梅斯,
How is everything going! Last time you said you are anxious now because you find it hard to learn English well. Don’t worry. I think you have to improve your English step by step. And I will right behind you. In my view, you should develop you interest on English first. According to my experience, I think watching English movie, listen to some wonderful English songs and talk in English on the Internet would be helpful. Secondly, you have to prepare lessons before class that will help you understand what the teacher says in the class. I know you feel bored in the class, but you have force yourself to be concentrated. A few days later you will feel it a little easy to learn English. The left steps I will tell next time. By the way, we have not seen each other since your family move to Hunan a year ago. Have you ever thought about going back to visit me and learn English together in the coming Summer vacation. Looking forward to your reply.
过得可好。上次你说你现在很焦虑因为你觉得很难学好英语。别担心。我觉得要提高英语你得一步步来。我会帮你的。在我看来,首先应该要培养你对英语的兴趣。根据我的经验,我认为看英文电影,听美妙的英文歌曲以及在互联网上与他人用英语交流会有很大的帮助。其次,你要预习,这样可以让你理解老师在课堂上说的东西。我知道你觉得上英语课很无聊,但你必须强迫自己聚精会神的听。一段时间后,你会感觉到学习英语变得容易些了。剩下的步骤下一次我会告诉你的。顺便提一下,自从一年前你们家搬到湖南后我们就没见过面。你有没有想过暑假的时候回来看看我,我们可以一起学习英语。期待你的回复。
Best wishes,
Li
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