毕业已经十年了,回想大学的生活,留在心里的是永恒记忆!
第一章:流金岁月
毕业,就像一个大大的句号,从此,我们告别了一段纯真的青春,一段年少轻狂的岁月,一个充满幻想的时代……
毕业前的这些日子,时间过的好像流沙,看起来漫长,却无时无刻不在逝去;想挽留,一伸手,有限的时光却在指间悄然溜走,毕业答辩,散伙席筵,举手话别,各奔东西……一切似乎都预想的到,一切又走的太过无奈。
每一天,我们都会有意无意地再逛逛校园,看一看它今天的样子,想一想四年前它如何迎来稚气未脱的我们。走了四年,似乎又走回到了起点。突然觉得,四年的同窗、身边的朋友,比想象中要和善、可爱得多!星光下的夜晚,每一个都温柔如风。
再看一看吧……
那赫然相对的男生楼,就在去年的这个时候,还曾经硝烟四起;
窗外的晾衣绳,飘荡着不知哪个宿舍落下来的白衬衫;
插着爱护花草牌子的草坪,记不清什么时候已经被抄近路打水的兄弟们踩出了一条小路;
路旁的女生楼,对男生来说,几乎成为永远的禁区;
综合楼自习室的门还开着么,考研时鏖战过几个月的那个屋子,如今应该没有什么人了吧,一直对那段埋头苦读的日子心存感激,不论结果如何,它让我收获了很多……
一幕幕的场景就像一张张绚烂的剪贴画,串连成一部即将谢幕的电影,播放着我们的快乐和忧伤,记录着我们的青春和过往,也见证着我们的友谊和爱情!
来到这片校园之前,想象大学生活是白色的。因为象牙塔是白色的,整个生活就好像它折射的光:纯净而自由。
大一的时候,觉得生活是橙色的。太多新生活扑面而来,新鲜而灿烂,热情而紧张。橙色的记忆里,有第一次见到知名教授的激动,第一次加入社团的好奇,第一次的紧张……
大二的时候,生活是绿色的,青春拔节生长,旺盛得像正在生长的树,梦想也一点点接近现实。跟老师讨论问题时,看见他脸上满意的微笑;跟老外对话时,给自己打了个满意的分数;开始熟悉校园里任何一处美食,也常常在BBS上呆到很晚……
大三的时候,生活变成蓝色。我们冷静了下来,明白自己离未来究竟有多远,并要为此做出选择:出国,考研,还是工作。所有与这个决定相关联的一切都可能会变化,包括我们的爱情,那还年轻没经历过风雨的爱情。
大四的生活,像有一层薄薄的灰色。在各种选择里彷徨,每一个人都忙忙碌碌,一切仿佛一首没写完的诗,匆匆开始就要匆匆告别。
但那灰色里,却有记忆闪闪发亮。那些彩色的岁月,凝成水晶,在忙碌的日子里,它们是我们的资本,也是我们的慰藉。
七月,我们和去年学长毕业时一样,把行李装好了箱,一点点往外运,整个宿舍楼就这样在几天之内变回空楼,变成一个无限伤感的符号。记忆也同时从校园离开,收藏进内心的匣子,那是我们的流金岁月,也是我们的宝藏。
未来就像天空中一朵飘忽不定的云彩,而我们,从毕业这一天起,便开始了漫长的追逐云彩的旅程。明天是美好的,路途却可能是崎岖的,但无论如何,我们都有一份弥足珍贵的回忆,一种割舍不掉的友情,一段终身难忘的经历。
第二章:梦开始的地方
大胖拿到去美国签证的那一天,是他两个月以来最开心的一天。
他是我最好的朋友之一。我们四个兄弟,也是同一间屋子的室友。老大学计算机,网名大胖;老二是帅哥瘦猴,每次聚会总是吸引不少女生的目光;小高在我们四 个中排行老三,但是最高,学中文,爱写散文,话不多,但有哲理的话总是从他那里冒出来。我像是个毫无特色的人,除了喜欢做实验。
大一时 我还什么都不懂,老大已经开始忙着买红宝书。他书架上有厚厚的英文字典,贴着一行字:四年后,美国,我会在那里。他是我们中最明白自己目标的人。其他的 人,多半和我一样,懵懵懂懂地开始上课,做实验,写论文。仿佛还像高中生一样,习惯每天时间被安排得满满当当,一旦没有人管,就好像少了些什么。
我们很认真地聊过理想这回事。大胖说,他想当科学家。我们就笑,说十年以前每个人在里,大概都写:我的理想,是长大了当一个科学家。“要不然就是老师。”瘦猴抢着说,“那时候,觉得老师是最大的,将来如果能当老师,一定很威风神气,没有小朋友敢欺负。”
我童年时也梦想过当科学家和老师,高中的时候选了理科,因为喜欢做实验的感觉。那种感觉,好像事情的每一步,你都看得见,都能掌控,而且,错了还可以重 来。生活若是能像试管那样透明就好了,可惜不然,许多时候,我们无法控制生活,所以愈加喜欢在实验室的生活,单纯沉静。
开始找工作的时候,瘦猴望着自己的个人简历叹气。跟别人相比,他的实践经历很少,或许因为太多时间给了爱情。不过,他依然是个优秀的男孩,所以在层层面试之后去了一家不错的网络公司,或许跟我们一起泡BBS的时光帮了他不少忙。
小高最后选择了我们童年梦想过的职业。他要去当老师,而且,不是在繁华的都市,也没有可观的工资。他申请去了青海,那儿有个全国志愿者的支教项目。他说自己是从农村来的,知道山里的`孩子会有多渴望知道外面的世界。
我早早地保送了本校的研究生,少了申请出国的辛苦,少了找工作的忙碌,少了选择的彷徨,也少了很多刻骨铭心的回忆。
大胖是我们四个兄弟中最后一个有着落的。庆祝他签证成功的晚宴上,我们终于可以痛快地怀念四年的生活,怀念每一次喝醉,甚至每一次争吵。自进入七月以来,我第一次感到鼻子酸酸的……
真的不想说再见,但是,2005年盛夏的这一天,我们真的,真的,要毕业了......
第三章:朋友别哭
七月,盛夏,银杏还是青翠的绿色,而心疼已经渐渐弥漫开去。
最后一堂课,是和老师告别;考完最后一场试,是和学业告别;通过毕业论文答辩,是和学生生涯告别。然后,知道一个一个朋友离去的日期,开始一场场告别,告别朋友,告别同窗,告别四年已经习惯的许多生活。
已经习惯了宿舍的生活,习惯了晚上的卧谈会,习惯了下雨时有人把衣服一起收进来,偶尔逃课的时候会有人代答到,吃饭时尝两口别人的菜,几个人用同样的钥匙,打开同一扇门。
离别的日子将近,学校周围的饭馆总是挤得满满的。所有的朋友在那里举杯,为过去的日子和情感,为将来的分别和感伤。
还记得入学第一天我们的自我介绍么?
还记得我们的新生杯篮球赛么?
还记得我们一起买了电脑,没日没夜地反恐,星际么?
还记得“小花”的梦话,“疯子”的鼾声么?
还记得我们一起逛街,一起喝酒,一起聊天,一起唱歌么?
那些荒唐的,搞笑的,忧郁的,飞扬的,愤怒的,喜悦的,无比快乐的时光一去不返,而那种放肆的幸福我想以后也不会再有了。我会用心记住你们每个人的样子,记得那青春的容颜,因为那里有我生命中最美好的回忆和永恒的怀念。
再见了,宿舍里的野人们,我们呆过的这个屋子,即将成为我们的历史。而一切的回忆也会随着岁月的流逝变成脑海里泛黄的书签。下一站,不知道还会有什么样风景。突然想到一首诗的开头:“在向你挥舞的各色花帕中/是谁的手突然收回/紧紧捂住自己的眼睛……”
对着空无一人的宿舍说了一声:“拜拜,我走了”,我轻轻掩上门,在夜色降临以前,告别了我四年的大学生活,离开了这一片留下我青春与热血的土地。
第四章:别了,大学
今天是毕业生离校的最后一天。在这两天里,其它三个姐妹已经陆续搬走了。如今的宿舍空荡凌乱,大家带不走或不愿带走的东西,都横七竖八地躺在地上。我打开灯,开始最后的整理。
大一潦草的笔记,大二组织活动剩下的稿件,大三没吃完的药,大四考研复习的资料。纸片上的电话已经不记得是谁的了,一堆英语书好像都没有看过……看着看 着,我竟不知不觉落下泪来,只有我才能理解每一笔每一划里包含的意义。还是留下了很多东西没有拿走,可更多更重要的东西不也永远地留在了这里了吗?不论是 我带走的还是留下的,都是我大学四年最真实的写照。
最后环视一下空荡的宿舍。那只小猪靠垫实在塞不进箱子了,只能留在那里。那口锅也没有带走,而未来想必也不会再煮出当时的好味道了。手里的东西都已经满了,这些就都当作留念,留在这里吧。
依依不舍地关了灯。那一刹那,心里迅速划过一阵尖利的痛。想起四个字,青春散场。四年以前,我拎着简单的行李来到这里,而今天,我重新拎起新的行李,将要开始下一站的生活。
像这四年里的每一天一样,我沿着再熟悉不过的路线走出公寓的大门,不过当我的脚步跨出门槛的一刹那,我将不再是这里的一员。
这一次,我不是去买盒饭,去附近的网吧上网,去校外的小店闲逛,或者是睡眼惺忪地跑去上课。这一次,我会很郑重地对这个留下我四年青春的地方说一声--再见!
再见了,我的宿舍,
再见了,我的兄弟,
再见了,我的青春,
再见,我的大学。
青春散场,我们等待下一场开幕。等待我们在前面的旅途里,迎着阳光,勇敢地飞向心里的梦想;等待我们在前面的故事里,就着星光,回忆这生命中最美好的四年,盛开过的花……
1. Nancy is too young to dress herself.
Nancy is not _____ _____ to dress herself.
2. My watch doesn't work well.
There is ____ _____ _______ my watch.
3. Jane doesn't go to work by bus any longer.
Jane ____ _____ _____ to work by bus.
4. It took Mary two weeks to prepare for the exam.
Mary _____two weeks____ ______ for the exam.
5. It seems that they have known each other.
They seem to _____ _____ each other.
6. "My grandpa doesn't like coffee or coke" said Bob
Bob said that _____grandpa liked _____coffee _____coke.
7. Cao Fei joined the League three years ago.
Cao Fei _____ ____ _____ the League for three years.
8. I prefer walking there to going by bus.
I prefer to walk there ____ _____ going by bus.
9. -Thank you very much. -You're welcome.
- ____ a lot. -Not at____ .
10. Kitty does well in English.
Kitty ____ ____ ____ English.
11. They realized Hainan was a beautiful place after they reached there.
They____ realize Hainan was a beautiful place_____ they reached there.
12. We will have to finish the work hardly if you don't help us. We can't finish the work _____ _____ ______
13. My dictionary isn't so thick as yours.
My dictionary is _____ than yours.
14. Could you tell me where the East Street Hospital is? Excuse me, ____ is the _____ to the East Street Hospital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heavy traffic _____ them from _____ the train.
20. My brother has been away from home for two days.
My brother _____ home two days _____ .
21. Li Lei decided to move to Canada when he was thirty.
Li Lei made a _____ to move to Canada at the _____ of thirty.
22. Jim was too careless to pass the exam last term.
Jim was not_____ _____ to pass the exam last term.
23. If you don't hurry up, you can't catch the train.
Hurry up, _____ you may _____ the train.
24. Yang Li wei said to us, "I'm going to visit your school tomorrow. " We were all pleased.
We were all pleased when we heard Yang Li wei_____ visit_____ school the next day.
25. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. I have ____seen _____ an interesting film before.
26. I was late for school because of the traffic accident. The traffic accident _____ me _____ getting to school on time.
非谓语动词系列训练(二)
一:在句子意思不变的情况下用分词或不定式改写下列句子:
1.When he saw from the top of the mountain, he viewed a beautiful city.
-----___________from the top of the mountain, he viewed a beautiful city.(用分词
2.When it was seen from the of the mountain, the city looks like a garden. (用分词 ------_____________from the of the mountain, the city looks like a garden. city. (用分词
3.When he was asked why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.
-------When ________ why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. (用分词
4. Do you know the boy who knows Japanese?
----- Do you know the boy ___________ Japanese? (用分词
5. Do you know the boy who is called Tom.
---- Do you know the boy ________Tom.- (用分词
6. This is the man who organized the activity.
This is the man________________ the activity. (用分词
7. He followed his students and came in.
------ He came in, ____________ his students(用分词
8. He came in and was followed by his students
----- He came in ,____________by his students(用分词
9.The woman who was dressed in a blue skirt delivered a speech to us.
---- The woman _____________ in a blue skirt delivered a speech to us. (用分词
10. Because he is a physicist, he could well explained how to do the research.
---- _______ a physicist, he could well explained how to do the research. (用分词
11. He was born on the 18th of January, 1979 in Taiwan, and he was raised by his mother and was shy and quiet during his childhood.
----- ____________on the 18th of January, 1979 in Taiwan, and he was raised by his mother and was shy and quiet during his childhood. (用分词
12. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless it is watered every day.
---The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____________ every day. (用分词
13.When we were walking dogs, we came across a famous professor.
------ When ____________ dogs, we came across a famous professor. (用分词
14. He donated over 10 billion dollars in order that he could sponsor education, culture, sports, and public welfare in the earth-stricken area.
----- He donated over 10 billion dollars _____________education, culture, sports, and public welfare in the earth-stricken area.(用不定式
15 After he had finished his homework, he played the piano.
----- ____________ his homework, he played the piano.
16. After the bridge had been completed, it went through a hard time because of the bad weather.
----______________________, it went through a hard time because of the bad weather.
17 It is said that Bell invented the telephone.
18. Bell is said __________ the telephone. (用不定式
19. I don’t decide what I should do.
I don’t decide what__________(用不定式
20. It happened that he had been invited
---- He happened _____________
21.He was so young that he could not go to school. He was too young __________ to school.
22. When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
----- The test __________, we began our holiday.(用独立主格结构
23. As time goes by ,he becoms aware of it.
With time ________ by, he becomes aware of the significant of it.
24. The moon, which travels round the earth once every month, is a natural satellite of the earth.
---- The moon, ___________ round the earth once every month, is a natural satellite of the earth.
25. Though he had been told several times, he didn’t understand me.
-----_______ several times, he didn’t understand me.
26. After the problem was solved,he took a rest.
----With the problem ____________, he took a rest.
27. If time permits, we will
28.He lay there, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
---He lay there, his hand_______, his eyes looking straight up
29.I once read a book called Man, Woman and Child, which enabled me to understand the love in a family.
------I once read a book called Man, Woman and Child, ______________ me to understand the love in a family. (用分词
30.There are many places of interest, among which is the Yunji mountain,whose scenery is very beautiful, which attracts lots of tourists from different places every year.
------There are many places of interest, among which is the Yunji mountain,whose scenery is very beautiful, ____________ lots of tourists from different places every year. (用分词
二:非谓语动词完成句子练习
there was no doctor available. (only
, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park? (spend
. (think
包括三名儿童). (child
5. 根据他的话判断), he did well in his exam. (judge
the Tang Dynasty. (date
7. This is an article (由五部分组成)five parts. (consist
five parts.(make
as soon as possible. (solve
bored a lot of fans to death. (concern
, l cannot object to your marriage. (concern
子)at school? (keep)
(躲在木箱里)behind the door. (hide
,we had to walk home last night. (be.
in the broad daylight yesterday. (rob
(满是脚印). (mark
(石油价格上涨), the economy of that country is slowing down. (go
18. When the national flag is being hoisted, all the students stand at attention, . (fix
him, I decided to write again. (hear
20. He doesn’t seem to mind by others. (make
next week is of great importance. (hold
is very important. (hold
is of great importance. (hold
the Third World. (belong
(致力于研究), the professor paid little attention to his surroundings. (devote
in the morning. (come
(为了确保那孩子尽快康复),five doctors took turns looking after him day and night. (ensure
,the old man struggled to his feet. (help
, the parents were taken to the dining room. (show)
(.support)
. (drop)
, I am not familiar with this kill. (tell
(为了不被注意)by others . (notice
三:合并下列句子
1. The annual school sports meeting was held yesterday. It presented a marvelous opening ceremony.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. After the opening ceremony, we sat in the base of our class. We waited patiently for the beginning of the race.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Some of my classmates work very hard, and they hope to fulfill their dream. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4..My friend Christine took part in the 800-meter race. She had received training many times, so she kept calm before the race. After 400 meters, though she looked tired, she still tried her best to run. We screamed and beat the drum when we saw she passed by. She won the medal, and we were proud of it. (把短文中的从句或并列句改成非谓语动词
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
四:语篇填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。(一)
Freud was one of the first scientists [1]_________(make)serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities [2]_________(base) in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason. He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams [3]___________(search) for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠. He wanted to see if [4]________(put)patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease
[5]________(trouble) minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary. Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved [6]________ (sit with his patients and [7]________(listen)to them talk. He had them [8]________(talk)about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to
[9]___________(express). There could be no[10]________(hold)back because of fear or guilt. 基础写作 :最近,你就读的学校——广东实验中学高中部将举办开放日。 你将作为学校的
学生代表向前来参观的英语老师介绍高中校区的基本情况,请准备好你的解说词,文章的开头和结尾已为你写好。(学会用非谓语动词表达)
?位置交通:位于广州市西部,荔湾区;出行便利,步行到地铁站约10分钟。 ?学校历史:逾120年的悠久历史;现高中校区于2004年 竣工并投入使用。 ?校园环境:占地面积约125,000平方米;植物繁茂,绿树成荫,环境优美。 ?校园设施:课室宽敞明亮,配备齐全;拥有标准运动 设施,
其中综合体育馆可用于举办比赛、会议和典礼。
?师生情况:目前学生约3000人,教师约200人;全体师生正在
为学校更美好的明天共同奋斗。
?【写作要求】
?只能用5个句子表达全部内容。?【评分标准】 ?句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。
Good morning, teachers! Welcome to Guangdong Experimental High School!.....
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非谓语动词练习答案
1.Seeing 2.Seen (原句有误,请改成When it was seen from the top of the mountain,the city is beautiful (用分词 3. asked 4. knowing 5. called 6. organizing 7. following 8. followed 9. dressed 10. Being 11. Born 12. watered 13. walking 14. to sponsor 15. Having finished 16. Having been completed 17 18.. to have invented
19.to do 20. to have been invited 21. to go 22 finished 23. going 24. travelling 25. Having been toldTold 26. solved 27.permitting 28. clenched 29.enabling 30. attracting
二:非谓语动词完成句子练习
Keys:
1. only to be told (that 2. to spend your spare/free time
3. thinking about 4. including three children/ three children included
5. Judging from / by his words/what he said
6. dating back to/from (which dates back to/from
7. consisting of / which consists of
8. made up of/which is made up of 9. to solve the problem
10. concerning the football match 11. As/So far as I am concerned
12. (in keeping five children 13. hidden in a wooden box
14. There being no bus 15. to have been robbed
16. Seen from the top of 17. Seeing from the top of
18. To see 19. marked with footprints
20. the price of oil going up 21. fixed on/upon the national flag
22. with (both his hands tied 23. Not having heard from
24. (his being made fun of 25. to be held
与君醉笑三千场,不诉离殇。——题记
我唯有,迎着八分钟前的灿烂朝阳,才不会,忘记你的绚丽的光芒;我唯有,顶着万米高空落下的滴滴泪雨,才不会,忘记你我风雨同舟;我唯有,记得无数欢声笑语,才不会,忘记你我一起走过的青葱岁月。
曾经以为毕业是那么遥远的一件事,而今已经发生;曾经以为读书的痛苦离开以后才知道,其实学校才是天堂;曾经以为同学之间的情感只是友谊,现在才知道有一份感叫做一别就是永世。毕业留言很伤感,可是不写有会不会遗憾呢?我不知道,只想以后用那张纸赚点眼泪,足矣。有位挚友兰交写着:“信不封好,就寄不出去。是不是不给你毕业留言,我们就不用分离?”多么直击心脏的话呀!一直因为高考,六月是黑色的,可是它真的很悲伤。
因为纯真的褪去,五月最煽情,它承载了太多的回忆。不擅长文艺的人们,毕业留言就像是回忆录,回忆着两个人的点滴。无论是亲近的朋友还是一般的同学,只有回忆才建立联系,但我不愿过多的去回忆,因为我都记得。人总是很善良的,尽管我与你和不来面对伤悲,总是心软的,总是愿意释放自己的爱,哪怕只有一点,但足够了,因为人对于不熟悉和不了解更容易满足。就像从不笑的人只给你一个微笑,你会觉得自己是特别的。
我的同学并不是每个都可以进入内心,但他们一直默默陪伴,用他们的体温、欢笑还有最可贵的梦想。一旦触及了心灵最软的地方,又有谁还会回忆痛苦呢?我想更多的是感动吧!
没有高三以前看到任何关于高考的讯息时,不禁问自己如果到了自己的毕业季能否坦然面对呢?如今真的到了,却也是既来之则安之。小时候多羡慕“海内存知己,天涯若比邻。”现在即将体味到也算是一种梦想成真了吧。
越长大越相信轮回。每年的六月都是毕业季。只是不同的人毕业而已。这群毕业的人紧张的参加“毕业考”;考完开始呼喊释放;不知不觉学长学姐卖书成为传统;每年回来聚餐开始诉说当年的糗事……年复一年,乐此不疲。因为这个季节我最幸福。
年少时的我们十七岁便忘了十六岁的样子,而十八岁却成了永恒,我们开始了新的旅途,尽管知道有些事如何艰难,可我自己不去感受有多苦又怎么会知道呢?越来越明白这个世界上根本没有感同身受。所以我们在同样的季节才会有同样的错误。
出发吧,只有不断出发才能获得重生。所以,这个季节我毕业了,却不会向你诉说,更不会去回忆,因为我都可以记下那三千场中的笑与泪。
当被质疑的时候,我可以大声的说:“我不去回忆,因为我都记得。”
谨以此,纪念我们青春的重生。
——尾声
“砰”轻轻的关上了寝室的门,眼泪再也忍不住了,“啪嗒啪嗒”的滴落在了地上。在一个盛夏的今天,我们毕业了!和大学那些毕业生不同,我们并没有高兴的向高空抛帽子以来抒发心中的喜悦,我们毕业则是依依不舍,甚至就像是一对对双胞胎姐妹被人拆开时的那种痛彻心扉。
离别前夕,不知道是谁提议说“我们小学毕业一定要笑着走,不准哭。”虽然大家都没有说破那张“纸”,但大家都默认的同意了,也都明白,哭了可能就更不舍,到时候眼泪就会一发的不可收拾了。于是,在散学典礼的时候,尽管老师把离别说的很沉痛,但我们大家都很默契的做出了同一个动作,那就是把眼睛闭上,仰起头,看着天空。这也许是让眼泪消失的最好,最快的办法。默契的转身,竟然发现对方的眼睛红红的,里面闪着泪光。
“偌,这是给你的千纸鹤,以后,有可能,再也没有办法见面了”睡我下铺的她轻轻的把那只粉色的,象征着友谊的千纸鹤递到了我手里。就像那天一样。我的思绪回到了刚来学校的时候。
虽说是小学,但是我们学校也是住宿学校,从小到大我从来都没有体验过一个人睡觉的滋味。那一天,在离开家的第一个独自的夜晚,趁着室友们都睡了,我一个人偷偷的躲在被子里哭,我这才的离开家后的时间多么难熬。简直就是度秒如年。那一晚,我失眠了。
第二个晚上,我坐在床上,久久没有躺下,我害怕再一次体会到昨天晚上那种生不如死的滋味,这时候,她,那个睡在我下铺的女孩子把一只千纸鹤放在了我的手心。“第一次离开家都会难过的,习惯就好,这只千纸鹤送给你,希望它可以帮你分担一些痛苦。”黑色的长发随风舞动,一些碎发贴在了她那张漂亮的脸颊上,我小心翼翼的接过了千纸鹤,出乎意料,那一晚,我睡得很香。又或者是感受到了千纸鹤给我的安慰,它在小声的告诉我,我还有朋友陪我。
毕业那天,我们谁都没有落泪,不,应该说,谁都没有当着大家的面掉泪。当汽车发动时,我们在风中都看到了对方落了泪,哭的一发不可收拾,我们都很勉强的扯出一个微笑,在风中向她们挥手告别。汽车开动了,我坐在车里,我明白了,我的小学时光,就这样的结束了。
按要求改写句子知识点梳理
一、概述
按要求改写句子主要考查学生对句子结构的掌握以及用不同句型表达同一意思的能力。考查所涉及到的句子类型有一般疑问句、否定句、反意疑问句、选择疑问句、对划线部分提问、感叹句、保持原句意思、合并成一句、简单句和复合句之间的互换以及改为被动语态等。
二、解题时需注意的几个要点
1、时态:不同的时态相对应的助动词
一般现在时:谓语动词用原形(主语为第三人称单数时,动词加s或es,变否定句、疑问句时助动词为do或does)
一般过去时:谓语动词用过去式,变否定句、疑问句时助动词为did.
现在完成时:助动词have/has+动词的过去分词
过去完成时:助动词had+动词的过去分词
一般将来时:will/be going to +动词原形
过去将来时:would/was or were going to +动词原形
现在进行时:am/is/are+动词的现在分词
过去进行时:was/were+动词的现在分词
2、语态:主动语态变为被动语态的谓语结构
一般现在时:am/is/are+动词的过去分词
一般过去时:was/were+动词的过去分词
一般将来时:will be+动词的过去分词
情态动词:can/may/must/need等情态动词+be++动词的过去分词
3、改反意疑问句时注意hardly, never, seldom, few, little, no等词表达的是否定意义,变反意疑问句时用肯定形式。
4、在合并句子时,有些连词如not only…but also…, neither…nor…, either…or…是就近原则,连接两个主语时动词形式取决于与动词邻近的主语。而both…and…连接两个主语时,主语是复数。
5、简单句和复合句之间的互换常见的有:带有疑问词的宾语从句改为特殊疑问词+to+动词原形的不定式;结果状语从句so…that…改为enough to或too…to…的简单句。
6、保持原句意思改写句子时注意时态不变。
三、习题
练习一
1. We do our homework every evening. (改为否定句)
We _________ ________ our homework every evening. 对划线部分提问
________ ________ do they have a class meeting?
3. She could hardly understand this passage. (改为反意疑问句
She could hardly understand this passage, _________ __________?
4.The manager told him how to get useful information. (改为否定句
The manager _________ _________ him how to get useful information.
5. Tom’s sister can speak English and Japanese very well. (改为反意疑问句
Tom’s sister can speak English and Japanese very well, _________ _________?
对划线部分提问
_________ _________ he live twenty years ago?
7. Sam does some cleaning in the morning. (改为否定句
Sam _________ do _________ cleaning in the morning.
对划线部分提问
_________ _________ have the students worked on the survey?
9. Your father used to ride a bike. (改成反意问句)
Your father used to ride a bike, _______ ________? (对划线提问)
__________ ___________ the population of Germany?
11. Mr. Wang washes his car once a month. (改为一般疑问句)
Mr. Wang (对划线部分提问
will Susan come back from Athens?
13. My friends lost their way when they were traveling in Hong Kong. (改为一般疑问句
________ your friends ________ their way when they were traveling in Hong Kong?
14. 对划线部分提问
________ ________ has Yao Ming been in the Rocket Team?
15. She put the digital camera on the bed just now. (改为否定句
She _________ _________ the digital camera on the bed just now.
16. Mark's flown to Hainan Island for winter holidays. (改为反意疑问句
Mark's flown to Hainan Island for winter holidays, _________ _________?
(专辑. (划线部分提问
_________ did Super Girl Zhou Bichang _________ to Vienna?
18. I’ve already saved enough money to buy a new car. (改为否定句
I ________ saved enough money to buy a car ________.
19. Lily used to have long straight hair. (改为反意疑问句
Lily used to have long straight hair, ________ ________?
20. He has already been there .(改为一般疑问句
__________ he been there __________?
21.They decided that they wouldn't have the picnic because of the bad weather. (改为简单句
They decided __________ _________ have the picnic because of the bad
weather.
22. The English people hardly ever shake hands between the strangers .( 改为反意疑问句
The English people hardly ever shake hands between the strangers, __________ __________?
23. They grew some sunflowers in their garden last year.(改为否定句)
They __________ __________ any sunflowers in their garden last year.
24. Jane drinks milk every morning.(改为一般疑问句)
_________ Jane ___________ milk every morning? (就划线部分提问)
___________ map ___________ to Class 4?
26. You can choose only one of the two: a mini-TV or a DVD player. (改为选择疑问句
you want a mini-TV a DVD player?
27. That detective film is so amazing. (改为感叹句)
___________ ___________ amazing detective film!
28. He has some money left.(改成否定句)
He money left.
29. (划线部分提问)
do the members of the film society meet?
30. His mother knew why the little boy was unhappy all day. (改为一般疑问句
_______ his mother _______ why the boy was unhappy all day?
31. He looks very funny with that hat on. (改为感叹句
_______ _______ he looks with that hat on!. 对划线部分提问
_______ _______ they build this factory?
33. I have already finished the test paper.(改为否定句)
I ________ finished the test paper ________.
34. Johnson denied cheating in the competition.(改为反意疑问句)
Johnson denied cheating in the competition, ________ ________? (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the story need to be funny?
36. Sam does some cleaning in the morning. (改为否定句
Sam _________ do _________ cleaning in the morning.
对划线部分提问 _________ _________ have the students worked on the survey?
38. (对划线部分提问) _________ _________ has he been a top fashion designer?
39. 对划线部分提问
________ ________ will they move into the new school?
40. to go to the People’s Square by underground. (对划线部分提问
________ _______ did it take you to go to the People’s Square by underground?
练习二:
1. Gold is less valuable than diamond. (保持句意不变
Gold is ________ ________ valuable as diamond.
2. He told the children to go and watch his tank of Ghost fish. (改为被动语态 The children ________ ________ to go and watch his tank of Ghost fish.
3. Unless I have a quiet room, I cannot do any work. (保持句意不变)
I cannot do any work ________ I _________ have a quiet room.
4. The manager arrived here a few minutes ago. (保持句意不变)
The manager has _________here ________ a few minutes.
5. They will send him to work in Japan for one year. (改为被动语态
He will ________ _________ to work in Japan for one year.
6. The words on the notice board are very small. I can’t see them clearly.(保持句子原意
The words on the notice board are small I can’t see them
clearly.
7. We can solve the problems with the help of the teacher. (改为被动语态 The problems can _________ _________ with the help of the teacher.
8. We can’t finish the work in such a short time. (保持原句意思
It’s _________ _________ us to finish the work in such a short time.
9. We must keep the noise under 50 dbs.(分贝(改成被动语态)
The noise must ________ _______ under 50 dbs here.
10. Mike doesn’t like classical music. Billy doesn’t either. (合并成一句) _________ Mike nor Billy __________ classical music.
11. The room is so dirty that we can’t live in it.(保持句意不变)
The room isn’t __________ _________ for us to live in.
12. No one knows when we will start tomorrow. (保持原句意思)
No one knows start tomorrow.
13. The Smiths will invite the professor to take part in the party. (改成被动语态 to take part in the party by the Smiths.
14. If you are not brave, you’ll lose your last chance.(保持原句意思)
you are ’ll lose your last chance.
15. They store much information in the computer. (改成被动语态
Much information ________ ________ in the computer.
16. Don’t throw rubbish here and there. Our teacher said to us. (合并为一句
Our teacher told us ________ ________ throw rubbish here and there.
17. If John doesn’t apologize for what he did, I will tell the teacher about his bad behavior.
(保持原句意思)
_______ John _______ for what he did, I will tell the teacher about his bad behavior.
18. I don't know where we can grow vegetables in the city. (改为简单句 I don't know _________ _________ grow vegetables in the city.
19. People used to enjoy themselves chatting on MSN when it worked well. (保持句意基本不变
People used to _________ a lot of _________ chatting on MSN when it worked well.
20. If you don’t improve your handwriting, you will lose marks in the exam. (合成同义句
You will lose marks in the exam ________ you ________ your handwriting.
21. To go fishing is fun. (句意不变 )
_____ is fun _____ ______ fishing.
22. Dick was so short that he couldn’t touch the top of the bookshelf.(保持句意基本不变)
Dick wasn’t __________ __________ to reach the top of the bookshelf.
23. “Can I borrow your bike for a while or not?”( 保持句意基本不变)
Tom asked his sister __________ he __________ borrow her bike or not for a while.
24. The couple couldn’t decide which flat they should choose at first. (保持原句意
思)
The couple couldn’t decide which flat at first.
25. Meaningless information is difficult for the little boy to remember. (保持原句意思)
is difficult for the little boy remember meaningless information.
26. People throw away millions of plastic bags in our city every day. (改成被动语态)
Millions of plastic bags away in our city.
27. She was so careless that she couldn’t find the mistakes in her test paper. (保持句意基本不变
She was _______ _______ to find the mistakes in her test paper.
28. We will hold the next Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008.(改为被动语态)
The next Olympic Games will _______ _______ in Beijing in 2008.
29. The elderly man pushed the birds into the river.(改为被动语态)
The birds ________ ________ into the river by the elderly man.
30. Dolphins are so clever that they can follow the instructions.(保持句意基本不变) Dolphins are ________ ________ to follow the instructions.
31. We can’t finish the work in such a short time. (保持原句意思
It’s _________ _________ us to finish the work in such a short time.
32. They invited the astronaut and his wife to the party on Christmas Eve.(改为被动语态
The astronaut and his wife _________ _________ to the party on Christmas Eve.
33. The little girl didn’t go to bed unless the grandmother told her a story. (保持句意基本不变
The little girl didn’t go to bed _________ the grandmother _________ tell her a story.
34. The plane is so big that it can carry 300 passengers at one time. (改为简单句)
The plane is big _________ _________ carry 300 passengers at one time.
35. Did they know the answer to the question? Ididn’t know… (合并为一句 I didn’t know ________ they had ________ the answer to the question.
Keys
练习一
1. don’t do 2. How often 3.could she 4.didn’t tell 5.can’t she
6.where did 7.doesn’t any 8.How long 9.didn’t he 10.What is
第三次课: 分词在句子中的用法
教学目标: 使学生初步了解及在句子使用分词
教学内容:
一、 动名词及不定式作业讲解
二、分词
现在分词和过去分词两种。
作为谓语,现在分词和be 一起构成进行时;过去分词和be一起构成被动语态,和have一起构成完成时。
例如:
I am reading a novel by Maupassant. 我正在看一本莫泊桑写的小说。(现在分词和be 一起表示主语正在进行的动作。)
Mr. Robinson has drunk five glasses of wine already. 鲁宾逊先生已经喝了五杯酒了。(过去分词和have 一起表示主语已经完成的动作。)
The gold fish bowl was broken by Xiao Tao just now. 金鱼缸刚才被小陶打破了。(过去分词和be 一起表示主语是动作的承受者。)
作为非谓语形式,分词可用作形容词和副词,在句子中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。但它仍保持动词的一般特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语。分词和自己的宾语、状语构成分词短语。 现在分词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为或存在的状态;它的完成式(having + 过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。
现在分词有主动语态和被动语态(being + 过去分词。
过去分词只有一般式,表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。过去分词(及物动词)本身可以表示被动的含义,因而没有别的被动形式。
例如:
Having failed three times, he didn’t want to try again. (=As he had failed three times, he didn’t want to try again. 他失败了三次,不想再干了。(having failed 表示发生在前的动作)
Walking along the sands, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man’s foot. (=While he was walking along the sands, Crusoe? 克鲁索沿着沙滩走的时候,看见沙上有人的脚印。(walking 表示同时发生的动作)
The question being discussed seems important. (=The question is being discussed. It seems important. 正在讨论的问题似乎很重要。
The old days are gone. 旧时代一去不复返了。(gone 表示完成的状态)
I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。(cut 是及物动词的过去分词,表示“被人理发”。) 分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not, never等否定词构成。
例如:
Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道怕火,用手去摸,把手指烫了。
Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知道怎样找到地铁,就去找警察帮忙。
(一)现在分词和过去分词的区别
(1)在语态上现在分词表示主动的意思,表示它所修饰的人或物的行为;及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思,表示它所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。换言之,现在分词是它修饰
的成分所作出的动作,过去分词是它修饰的成分所承受的动作。
例如:
convincing facts 有说服力的事实 / convinced audience 被说服了的听众
the exploiting class 剥削阶级 / the exploited class被剥削阶级
a frightening dog一条让人害怕的狗 / a frightened dog一条被吓坏了的狗
driving gears主动齿轮 / driven gears从动齿轮
(2)在时间上,现在分词往往表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已完成。
例如:
the rising sun (正在升起的太阳 / the risen sun(升起的太阳)
the falling rain(正在下的雨)/ the fallen leaves(落下的树叶)
stolen money(被盗的钱/偷来的钱)/ill-gotten wealth(不义之财)
a high-flying kite(高飞的风筝)
再看一些例子:
boiling water 沸腾的水/boiled water 开水/developing countries 发展中国家/developed countries 发达国家/an exciting story 令人激动的故事/ excited people 激动的人们
(2)在时间上,现在分词往往表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已完成。
再看一些例子:
surprising news令人惊讶的消息/a surprised man受惊吓的人/an inspiring leader具有号召力的领袖/the inspired soldiers受到鼓舞的士兵/a delighted speech令人高兴的演说/the delighted audience(感到高兴的听众/a moving film动人的电影/the moved children受到感到的孩子们/a box containing tea装茶叶的盒子/the tea contained in a box装在盒里的茶叶/ falling snow正在下的雪/fallen snow box落在地上的雪
(3)做表语时的不同。现在分词做表语表示主语所具有的特征,意思是“令人如何”。过去分词多表示主语所处的状态,意思是“感到如何”。
例如:
His lecture is disappointing。I’m disappointed。他的演讲令人失望。我感到失望。
We are surprised to hear the news。The news is surprising。我们听到那消息吃了一惊。那消息令人吃惊。
The situation is encouraging。 We’re encouraged。形式使人鼓舞。我们感到鼓舞。
常用的还有:amusing/amused,astonishing/astonished,disappointing/disappointed,exciting/excited,frightening/frightened,interesting interested,moving/moved, relaxing/relaxed,satisfying/satisfied,shocking/shocked,surprising/surprised,terrifying/terrified,tiring/tired,worrying/worried等等。
(4)做状语的区别,分词短语在句中可做时间、原因、方式、伴随状语。现在分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生、意思是主动的。而过去分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生、意思是被动的。
例如:
Seeing nobody at home,she decided to leave them a note。看到没人在家,她决定给他们留个条。(主动意义,几乎同时
The secretary worked late into the night,preparing a speech for the president。秘书工作到晚上很晚,给总统准备一篇演说。(主动意义,同时
Tired of the noise,he closed the window。对噪音感到厌烦,所以他把窗户关上。(被动意义,
在谓语之前
Deeply moved,she thanked me again and again。她深深地受了感动,再三谢我。(被动意义,在谓语之前
Persuade by my mother,she gladly went there alone。在我母亲劝说下,她才高兴地独自去那里。(被动意义,在谓语之前
如果现在分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生,现在分词要用完成形式,但意思仍然是主动的。 例如:
Having watered the vegetables,they began to pick up the Apples。=After they had watered the vegetables,they began to pick up the apples。他们浇完了蔬菜之后就开始摘苹果。 Having finished the work,he packed his tools and left。完工后,他收拾起工具走了。 分词做状语时,前面可用连词或介词。
例如:
After eating my dinner quickly,I went to see Jim off。我赶快吃过晚饭就去给吉姆送行。 Though built before the Second World War,the engine is still in good condition。尽管是在二战以前建的,这引擎仍然处于良好状态。
Unless paying by credit card,please pay in cash。如果不用信用卡付款,请用现金付。 Tom will never do this unless compelled。汤姆永远也不会干这种事,除非被逼无奈。 She’s been quite different since coming back from America。从美国回来后,她大变了。
(二)用法
1.作定语。作定语的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前。如果被修饰的词是something,anything,everything,nothing等,则分词放在这些词之后。分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词之后。
例如:
This is an interesting book。(=This is a book。It is interesting。这是一本有趣的书。
There is something interesting in the news。(=There is something in the news。 It is interesting。消息中有些有趣的事。
The man sitting by the window is our math teacher。(=The man who is sitting by the window is our math teacher。靠窗户坐着的那个人是我们的数学老师
The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。(=The machine that is run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。那位老工人开的机器是上海造的。
Most of students singing were girls。(=Most of the students who were singing?唱歌的学生多数是女生。
Many of the villagers questioned refused to answer。(=Many of the villagers who were questioned?被问的许多村里人都拒绝。
注意:(1)分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别:
分词和它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主、谓关系。动名词则没有这种关系,而表示它所修饰的词的用途或有关动作。
现在分词 动名词
A sleeping child(a child who is sleeping正在睡觉的孩子 A sleeping car(a car for sleeping卧车
A flying bird(a bird that is flying飞鸟 A flying course(a course for flying飞行课程
A swimming girl(a girl who is swimming游泳的女孩 A swimming pool(a pool for swimming游泳池
The running water(the water that is running流水 The running track(the track for running跑道 现在分词和它所修饰的名词都要重读,动名词所修饰的名词则不必重读。
(2)现在分词作定语时,它表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生(或差不多同时发生。
例如:
Who is the boy dancing over there?在那儿跳舞的少年是谁呀?
The girls swimming in the sea were in danger。 在海里游泳的姑娘们有危险。
如果两个动作在时间上有先后,一般不能用现在分词作定语,而往往用主从复合句结构。 例如:
The man who has gone to Shanghai will be back again。到上海去的那个人会回来的。
The teacher wants to talk to the students who smashed the windows。老师要找打破了窗子的那个学生谈话。
(3)be的现在分词being不能用作定语(可用作状语或被动语态中的助动词。表示这种概念时,也用主从复合句结构。
例如:
He has a brother who is a worker。他有一个当工人的兄弟。
2、作状语。分词和分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。
例如:
Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up。(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room,They stood up。学生们看见老师走进房间,都站了起来。 (时间
Heated,the Metal expands。 (=The metal expands if /when it is heated。金属受热而膨胀。(条件、时间
Being excited,I couldn’t go to sleep。(=As I was excited ,I couldn’t go to sleep。我兴奋得睡不着觉。(原因
Being a student,he was interested in sports。(=As he was a student,he was interested in sports。 他是个学生,所以对体育运动感兴趣。(原因
Inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech,Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。(=As they were inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech,Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。李华和他的同学们受到杨博士讲话的鼓舞,决定更加努力学习物理。 (原因 The children went away laughing。=The children went away。They laughed as they went。孩子们笑着走开了。(行为方式
The professor stood there,surrounded by many students。(=The professor stood there。He was surrounded by many students。教授站在那里,许多学生围着他。(行为方式
While reading the newspaper,father nodded from time to time。(=While he was reading the newspaper,father nodded from time to time。看报时,父亲不时地点头。(时间(分词前,可加表示时间的连词while或when。
3、作宾语补足语。
例如:
Can you get the machine going again?你能使机器再动起来吗?
You should have your hair cut。你该理发了。
I saw him coming last night。我昨天晚上看见他来了。
4、作表语。
例如:
The film is very moving。这部影片很感人。
Your homework is well done。你的作业做得好。
The visitors looked surprised.参观者看上去很惊讶。
The boys were seen walking on the grass。有人看见孩子们在草地上散步。
5、作句子独立成分(分词有自己的逻辑主语时,称为独立主格结构。)
例如:
Flags flying,the army men marched in the streets。旗帜飘扬,军队在街上行进。
All his ribs broken,he lay half dead。他的肋骨全部折断,半死不活地躺着。
分词(短语作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致,必须用独立主格结构来表示,也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。
My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间,解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife做的动作,它们之间是主动关系
Given more attention,the trees could have grown better。如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。(过去分词given表示的动作是句子主语the trees承受的动作,它们之间是被动关系
We explored the caves,Peter acting as guide。我们到那山洞探险,彼得做向导。 (独立主格 The train having gone,we had to wait another day。分词短语做状语时,前面可以加上连词或介词,但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but,and,因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分,而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分。分词和主句之间可用逗号。
例如:
误:Having been told many times,but he still couldn’t understand it。
正:He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it。
注意:(1)分词作状语时,逻辑主语即句子的主语;否则要用从句或独立主格结构来表示。 例如:
Looking out of the window,I saw lots of people there。(=When I looked out of the window,I saw lots of people there。
我往窗外一看,看见那儿有许多人。 (looking out of the window的逻辑主语,就是句子的主语I。
(2)在see,hear,watch,notice等动词后,用动词不定式作宾语补语,通常表示(强调动作从开始到结束的全过程。如果用现在分词作宾语补语,则通常表示动作正在进行。 例如:
We sat two hours and watched the teacher make the experiment。我们坐了两个小时,看老师做实验。(两小时一直在看老师做实验
We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher making the experiment。我们走过教室,看见老师在做实验。(只是在走过教宰的一刹那间,看见老师正存做实验
I saw him enter the room, unlock a drawer, take out a document, photograph it and put it back。我看见他走进房间,打开抽屉,拿出一份文件,拍了照又放回去(表示一个接一个的一系列动作的全过程时,用动词不定式。
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