1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
小泉涓涓,入大海方可不涸:孤松傲立,入山林方可不折。泉入海乃成其大:松入林方戍其广,世之珍异,莫不如时间,时间可以成就许些品质,我或许做不到雷锋般惜时助人,我或许做不到丛飞般绽放青春火花,但我可以让我的时间充满仁爱与希望。
雷锋,一个革命战士,以他对人的宽容,对事的豁达,本着以仁爱之心,铸造了一个永不磨灭的辉煌,***曾说,向雷锋同志学习,我们或许身处不同年代,但却有着同样一颗赤诚与仁爱之心。你、我、他、她……逐渐诠释了“雷锋精神”的真谛:多一份责任,少一份逃避;多一份理解,少一份埋怨;多一份仁爱,少一份冷漠……
丛飞,在他优美的歌声背后,那几百双渴求知识的目光中泛着的感动的泪花,无不传递着丛飞身亲力行的爱人的思想,仁爱之心构筑了丛飞的精神家园;洪战辉,看到他带着与自己非亲非故的妹妹上学的情景,每个人心灵都吹起阵阵涟漪,不知不觉中播撒着平凡人对平凡人的无私的爱和奉献:李春燕,坚守着贵州那间乡村诊所,并为此负债累累,她忙碌的身影蕴含着那不言而喻的爱人之心,激励着越来越多的人投身于乡村医疗事业。
从这三人的感人事迹中,从他们那种为了使更多的人受到社会关爱,而甘愿奉献自己的一切的精神中,不难看出这种仁爱思想在中国精神中的重要比例,也正是你、我、他铸造着中华儿女共同的精神家园--仁爱。
世间没有绝对的平凡。任何平凡的人物,只要你用心发现,都有他伟大的一面。当许多人托起仁爱的太阳,散发出温暖,传递爱心时,然而当爱的太阳只停留在自己的天空中,自私又渺小,当爱的太阳照在芸芸众生的头顶上,它才有憾人的力量。
伸出你的手,握住我的手,我们手拉着手共同传递爱的太阳,传递暖人的阳光,让着世间不在孤单,雷锋不在寂寞,让人间充满仁,洒满爱,让我们的的名字流传千古,芬芳百世!
“学习雷锋好榜样……”歌声不时的萦绕耳旁。
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