观念,是指人的思想意识。生命本是没有观念的,只是在接受教育或经历人世的过程中,才树立起观念,比如爱国的观念,坚持真理的观念,献身的观念等。而正确的观念,犹如明亮的.北斗星,照耀着人生的行程,成就了生命的辉煌。
诚然,在现实生活中,正确的观念犹如黑暗中的一盏明灯,把人们引向光明;犹如沙漠中的绿洲,给人以希望;犹如一艘巨轮的船舵,控制着前进的方向。鲁迅先生是一把刀,一把尖锐地刺穿敌人心脏的刀,为什么敌人见了他如此害怕?是因为正确的观念让鲁迅有了敢于直面惨淡人生的勇气——黑夜给了鲁迅黑色的眼睛,但他用来寻找光明。岳飞精忠报国,他的观念里只有一个“忠”字,为此他不惜将自己的一腔热血挥洒成惊天动地的《满江红》;杜甫忧国忧民,一心想着“安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”,宁愿“吾庐独破受冻死亦足”,若不是有一个“怜”字植根于他的观念之中,他能成为“诗圣”吗?
在对待真理方面,正确的观念无疑能万古长青。哥白尼心中的观念,只求一个“精”字,他通过年复一年的精密观测和精确计算,提出了“日心说”,这无疑是科学史上的龙卷风,它虽然先将哥白尼的生命吹走,却最终刮走了早已在人们心中根生蒂固的错误观念——地球是宇宙的中心。亚里士多德在当时人们的心中可以算是一个圣人,他几近乎于神。但是一个年轻人却“初生年犊不怕虎”,敢于提出质疑,并最终在比萨斜塔上证明了自己,这个人便是伽利略,他的观念中也只有一个字——真。
当然,生活中同样也有落后、错误的观念。新中国成立后,面对一穷二白的中国,有人并没有从实际出发,错误地认为要继续以阶级斗争为纲,并发动了十年,使国家的发展停滞不前,这不正是因为观念错误而导致历史性悲剧吗?因此,错误的观念是社会发展的绊脚石,是长在纯洁心灵中的恶瘤,是让繁茂绿树枯败的病根。
种植美丽的花草,我们只能观赏一段时间;种植正确的观念,我们则可以收获无尽的果实。让正确的观念永远植根于我们的头脑,使社会和人生都健康地向前发展吧!
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
“金无足赤,人无完人”。人生在世,难免会遇到挫折和困难。胆囊感这些到来之时,逃避未有不可。
古有“负荆请罪”之实。而在这之前,蔺相如始终躲避着廉颇,生怕彼此之间的关系恶化,从而影响到赵国的江山社稷。然而,廉颇却不这么认为,还以为是蔺相如怕了他呢?不过,最终他还是明白——相如真是用心良苦啊!!!!!!
“伴君如伴虎”——韩信知道。因而他在刘邦打下了天下之后,选择了隐退。
“不为五斗米折腰”,这是陶渊明的真实写照。
…………
是啊,逃避未有不可,否则史书上怎会有这许多的“逃避之人”?
可是,逃避终究不是办法,惟有勇于面对才是出路。暴秦无道。陈胜毅然发出了“王侯将相宁有种乎”的呼喊,号召人们共同起来“诛暴秦,伐无道”。
鸦片战争后的屈辱条约,使中国人民备受列强的欺凌,加之清政府又是那么的腐败无能,洪秀全毅然举起了“太平天国”的大旗,走上了反清的道路,并抵御了外辱。
1938年,抗日战争爆发。如此,国共两党实现了“国共二次合作”,赶跑了那个小日本。
…………
可是,那是从前,而不是现在。现在又怎么样呢?
青岛海尔原是个濒临***的小厂,而今却已挤进“世界500强”的行列。何哉?哦,原来是厂长针对现状,采取措施,改进了生产技术,引领了创新,而已。
2008年5月12日,8.0级地震袭击了四川汶川,伤亡甚重。不过,中国人民意坚志坚,哪能有什么困难可以难倒他们。于是,抗震救灾,不亦乐乎。我坚信:汶川将会重新站起,屹立于世界的东方。
…………
面对现实,让你我懂得珍惜;面对现实,让你我意志更加坚定;面对现实,让你我更有信心迈向未来,迈向成功。因而,我们不仅要正视困难,也要正视挫折,更要勇于面对现实,并加以改正。
面对现实…………
当困难不期而遇的降临,我们畏缩,我们逃离,躲在一角。但现实却摆在了我们面前,赐予了我们勇气的光芒,让我们勇敢担当。——题记
鲁迅先生曾经说过:真的勇士,敢于直面惨淡的人生,敢于正视淋漓的鲜血。逃离现实,就只能是一个懦夫!
奥斯特洛夫斯基可谓是一个真的勇士。
命运对奥斯特洛夫斯基是残酷的。16岁的他因战争致右眼失明,20岁时又因关节硬化而卧床不起。面对命运的不幸,他没有就此一蹶不振,而是勇敢的面对现实,同命运反抗。他用沸腾的精力读完了函授大学的全部课程,用一颗为革命事业奋斗的炙热之心着成了《钢铁是怎样炼成的》。尽管奥斯特洛夫斯基没有得到上帝的垂青,但他敢于面对残忍的现实,最终使上帝为他开了一扇窗。
巴尔扎克说过:不幸是天才的晋升阶梯;是信徒的洗礼之水;是弱者的无底深渊。而在成为世界大文豪之前,巴尔扎克也曾陷入无助境地。
巴尔扎克热爱的文学创作与父亲的意愿相违,这个衣食无忧的公子哥沦为了需要靠朋友接济的可怜虫。面对困境,巴尔扎克并没有向父亲屈服,而是坚持自己喜爱的文学创作。困境磨练了巴尔扎克的意志,增强了他对人生的洞察力,为他日后的成功奠定了基础。《人间喜剧》的问世,便昭示了勇于面对苦难,积极进取迎来的可喜收获。
当遇到困境,有的人却选择了逃离。
杜牧曾咏;江东子弟多才俊,卷土重来未可知。一代楚霸王项羽兵败刘邦,在这个群雄逐鹿的舞台,他始终不愿磨平自己的棱角,最终以自刎的方式结束了可悲生命。勇于面对现实,退一步则可卷土重来。而他却感叹:此天亡我,非战之过也!显然,他没有意识到自己问题,逃避现实,注定了他不可能有绝处逢生的惊喜。
逃避终究不能扭转现实。既然逃不开,我们何不以一种大方的姿态去面对它,也许会看见更明媚的天空。
学会一个人赶路吧!哪怕路途坎坷,但终究会迎来光明的大道。勇于面对前方的道路,哪怕再多障碍,也能披荆斩棘,所向披靡。
勇于面对现实,让暴风雨来得更猛烈些吧。
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