1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
Dear mom and dad:
You are good!
This is the first time I write to you, I want to write down the words of my heart.
You I had many of the night was up all night, you how many tears flow to me. I paid you for how much, I return you from, I also know, you must not think I return you anything, but I'll never forget you in mind, the old I will return to the best of your ability, when I grew up in the sun, but you will gradually ageing, worry about and sad that wrinkles climbed up you originally carefree face.
Mom and dad, in your care, I have spent a full of joy for ten years. You have been the best things to me. I have a beautiful bedroom, delicate study materials, the conditions of the outstanding school... I like the little princess "in fairy tale, as well as the growth of carefree. Mom and dad, I want to say to you, you is very kind to me.
For ten years, and you carefully nurtured me, so that I grow up happily day by day. And your own but don't know how much I flow for the sweat and the tears. Mom and dad, I'll never let you down, is you to me put a pair of wings, I'll use that for the most powerful wings and fly, to the vast ocean of knowledge.
For the father loves the mountains, big love speechless. Dad you in my memory is always strict.
I and you seem to be very few joked about. Occasionally you talking and laughing, but with total to feel very at odds after. You are always a mountain that composed speechless. But anyway, I know you did all that is good for me.
When I came to this strange world by accident, the heart also carries a afraid, with wen run is you with love I meet, your love is I came to this world have received the first gift. How many covered the morning mist, you surprise and incredibly staring at me that WenXiang such as roses of little face, in my mind I meditate on to the my blessings. Early morning sunshine through the window, hazy gently in your face evenly spread on a layer of holy golden.
Love is like the silent running water, exquisite moistens at every point. Blustery, sun rises fall, winter passed on, flowers blossom, thanks in your words, I know the world, start gradually thinking. You not only living I to raise me, but also teach me the person, the given me knowledge and tao is "who grass-inch heart, reported in the apartments". Daughter with a mind always touched, but only in small to care and considerate, academic work harder in return. Just as weak grass can only add three points for spring green, and repay the natural nourishing; Autumn leaves only to be born for mud, to repay the tree of raising.
I usually very like reading, you never against, but to buy me a lot of books. By now I can put full of books have a bookcase. You again afraid I read many of the eye sight, and broke in bed to buy a lamp that beautiful the lamp that shield an eye.
Mom, remember the paint of time? Can't stand practice to paint of bitter, you also can really hit me, forced me to go on. Have a period of time, the time to practice painting overload I almost collapse, drab repeatedly that I find very boring. Many times, I almost want to go to all the paper I ripped, but then I was able to hold back. Want to come now, drawing not only gave me to understanding of the love, and paint with the fingers of flexible and the development of the brain, the more developed my perseverance will and persistence. Mother, daughter really grateful to you!
Dad, perhaps you rarely like mother like that teach me what, but you can really affect me a lot. You never is so honest, kind, brave, strong, dedication, and can endure hardships and profound knowledge, you use your good quality affects me, always doing my model. Each time talking with you always make me benefit, always make me understand some of the life philosophy, always important to make my in confused when suddenly enlightened. Dad, daughter really grateful to you!
Mom and dad, you are in their industry elite, and daughter from urinate will you as a proud. You are all so devotion and perseverance, in their children's education is also a method. Mother, it is you that give me the most important a habit: a love of reading. Reading is to my self education is the best way I know to widely browse, many all aspects of the knowledge, people doing things will also be more mature. Mom and dad, daughter really appreciate you!!!!!
Love is the most beautiful in the world language, let us each other love each other forever to pass by stormy night, watch for the arrival of the most beautiful day.
Your daughter
Dear parents,
“You always say that I am naive. In your eyes, I am always the little girl who will never grow up”. This is my favorite song and also the sound from the bottom of my heart. You made me feel so lucky to be your child. But I find our hearts getting further apart as time goes by.
You strictly forbid me to do entertaining activities even if I finished my homework, such as watching TV or playing computer games. Based on this, I couldn’t get any grade less than A. It is said that genius only means hard-working all one’s life. But I think combining exertion is the best way for learning.
The most important thing to me was that I feel frustrated for having few friends to confide in due to your strict rules. I can’t have a play date, participate in a school play or even choose my own extracurricular activities. Who will accept such a boring and troublesome person? I am just an ordinary girl who can’t stand loneliness, so I always feel contradictory.
On the one hand, I’m grateful to have you in my life, to disappoint you was the least I would do. On the other hand, what you asked for me made me felt like a puppet rather than a real person. I appreciated your efforts to pull me away from a self-indulgent life, but your obsessively extravagant strictness has pushed me into an isolated and insensible one. I need a little freedom so that I will concentrate on something I really interested in.
Father and mother, these words were hid in my deep heart for a long time. I love you, and I believe if you change some harsh rules. I will have a wonderful life.
Best wishes.
Yours, daughter
1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
Dear parents,
How is everything these days? I miss you very much.
I am very happy at my new shool. My teachers and shoolmates are very friendly to me .They ofen help me with my study.Now I am not worried about my English because I make a lot of progress in it anb I become more and more intrested in it. My shool life here is also wonderful. I take part in many part-time activities . I make many friends there and learn lots of learning methods.
Now final exam is coming. I am busy preparing it . I will try my best to do well in it.
I am glad that the summer holiday is coming. I want to take part in a GREEN CITY GROUP.I think I should make a contribution to protecting our environment.
It's hot these days but I can take good care of myself.You should pay more attention to your health.
Best wishes to you.
Love you,
XXX
Dear Mom and Dad,
Although we can only keep in touch with each other by the telephone or the Internet, I wish I could let you know how much I love you and how much I’ve appreciated the things you’ve done for me. It is never too much to say thank you to you, my dear parents.
First and the most important is that thank you for bringing me to this world. During the 20 years, you have done a lot for me, but I haven’t realized how much I love you until I left home to the university. I understand how much effort you have cost to bring me up. Now, I have grown up, I can look after you.
Second, I want to thank you that you give me a good environment to grow up. There is an old saying “Parents are the first teacher to their children”. In my life, you are the typical ones. Because of your good examples I formed the good habit of learning at an early age which benefits my life.
At last, I want to say “thank you” is that you always support my choice. You never forced me to do anything I was not interested in. You told me to pursuit my own dreams without hesitation and you would support me forever. You also told me to how to be a human. Now I become an optimistic and cheerful girl and I feel happy every day.
I really miss you when I am writing this thank you letter. I can’t wait to go home to share more time together with you.You are my most important people in the world and I will love you forever.
Yours,
XXX
Dear mom:
A: hello!
Mom this is my first time to write to you, so some shame.
How are you recently? Have a smooth work! How your mood these days, I have no dont care you one day.
How much I miss you, do you give me the rice, how delicious, I often dream of in the evening I went to the kitchen to steal to eat the food you do.
Mom you sit down and rest for a while! Dont be so hard to cook for us after work every day, every day we wash clothes... Every time after the meal, I want to help you wash the dishes, you say you dont have to tube chores, you just mind your own learning. Himself out of one eye, I am full of tears.
Ah! Mother I love you.
I wish you the best
Healthy body, the work is smooth.
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