在习习的凉风中,我站在星级的银河下,开始了我对你的幻想。
面对着那无边无际的旷野,面对着那数也数不清的星星,我一度以为你在那很远很远的异乡,是我这一辈子遥不可及的梦,但是在人生的望远镜里,你却尽在我的眼前,仿佛这一切都是看得见,摸得着。
你知道吗?透过那一层透明的镜片,我发现你离我越来越近,那遥不可及的触摸感的存在也越来越真实。我害怕,我担忧,我想离你更远一些,但却被一股神奇的力量拉扯着,我不断地挣扎想要脱离控制。可最终我停下来了,因为我发现那所谓的挣扎也是徒劳,这便是人生,靠近我的你便是未来。
曾经我想过我与你的距离是多么的遥远,可那一层透明的镜片却将我与你之间的距离拉近了。其实人生便如望远镜一般,它将未来的距离缩短了,看似很远其实很近,也许是明天,也许就是下一秒,这一切都可以叫“未来”。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
(1拟好题。题目是文章的眼睛,是文章传递显要信息的重要部分。由于它位居文章结构之首,所以文章题目的优劣也会直接影响阅卷者对文章的第一印象。议论文拟题的基本要求是:在准确的基础上力求醒目、舒畅。具体而言,可鲜明,可形象,可简洁,可别致,可整齐,不一而足。总之,以能激发阅卷者阅读兴趣或使之有耳目一新之感为最佳。
议论文的题目要求符合文体特征,要求鲜明,使人见其题而知其旨。观点鲜明的文章最受阅卷者的欢迎,因为它具有清澈感和透明感,能够传达出文章内容之大概,便于阅卷者准确而快速地把握整篇文章的基本内容。如《诚信不可抛》、《科技与人文齐飞》、《移植的记忆,创新的***手》、《坚强--我不朽的信念》等文题,均是鲜明、夺人眼目的好题目。在鲜明的基础上追求形象、生动和富有个性,则是议论文拟题的更高要求。这类文题能抓住阅卷者的视线,使之观其题便欲睹其文,效果奇佳。如文章中心是“走自己的路,让别人去说吧”,拟题为《学会在别人的唾沫中游泳》,别致中显出几分幽默,令人产生一睹为快之感。
(2亮观点,单刀直入。1988年全国高考作文题《习惯》有篇高分作文的开头这样写:“就像那溪流惯于奔腾,大海惯于咆哮一样,我习惯于沉思,习惯于遐想,习惯于把自己的感情流露在日记簿上。”
(3打比方,隐喻题旨。1987年全国高考材料作文“理论对于实践的意义”,有篇高考作文拟题为《灯塔·路标·理论》,开头写道:“在暗礁四伏的海上航行,需要灯塔指点迷津;在岔道口上,需要路标指引方向。否则就要触礁,迷路。在人生的路途中,我们需要科学理论的指导。”
(4讲故事,引入主题。1994年全国高考有篇高分作文《习惯》的开头幽默风趣:“我曾经听过一个笑话:一个小公务员曾在厕所里遇上了局长,于是,他脱口而出:‘局长,您也亲自上厕所?’一听这话,旁人当然会捧腹大笑,但一笑过后,发现有些东西值得我们深思。据说,这小职员在其他场合也总‘局长,您亲自……’、‘科长,您亲自……’,久而久之,就形成了动物性条件反射,哪怕时间、地点、环境早已改变。我说这就是习惯所致。”
(5引名句,扣住中心。这里所说的名句,包括古今中外名人名言,格言谚语,诗词歌赋等。1995年获得高分的高考作文《责任》,开头这样写道:“英国王子查尔斯曾经说过:这个世界上有许多你不得不去做的事情,这就是责任。
说明文的定义:说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人知识的文章体裁。它通过揭示概念来说明事物特征、本质及其规律性。说明文一般介绍事物的形状、构造、类别、关系、功能,解释事物的原理、含义、特点、演变等。说明文实用性很强,它包括广告、说明书、提要、提示、规则、章程、解说词、科学小品等。
说明文的顺序:常见的说明顺序有:时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。说明的时间顺序和记叙的时间顺序相似。空间顺序,要特别注意弄清空间的位置,注意事物的表里、大小、上下、前后、左右、东南西北等的位置和方向。逻辑顺序,常以推理过程来表现。采用什么顺序,主要取决于作者所说明对象的特点。
说明文的方法:举例子、作比较、下定义、列图表、诠释法(又称作诠释)、打比方、摹状貌、引用、分类别、列数字等。
说明文的内容:按照不同的标准,说明文可分不同的类别:依据说明对象与说明目的的不同,把说明文分为事物说明文和事理说明文两大类。根据说明语言的`不同特色,表达方式的使用情况的不同,把说明文分为平实的说明文和生动的说明文两种。生动的说明文又叫文艺性说明文。文艺性说明文是通过文艺的形式介绍科学知识的说明文。
说明文虽是以说明为主要表达方式的一类文种,但若没有其他表达方式(如叙述、议论、描写等)的恰当配合,则无法圆满地完成向读者介绍事物、解释事理的任务;而从学习写作说明文的角度讲,如果能确切了解表达方式的综合运用在说明文中的重要作用,注意准确使用叙述、议论等方式来辅助说明,说明文就能写得有声有色,文采斐然。
说明文的特点是“说”,而且具有一定的知识性。这种知识,或者来自有关科学研究资料,或者是亲身实践、调查、考察的所得,都具有严格的科学性。为了要把事物说明白,就必须把握事物的特征,进而揭示出事物的本质属性,即不仅要说明“是什么”,还要说明“为什么”。应用性说明文一般只要求说明事物的特征,阐述性说明文则必须揭示出问题的本源和实质。说明文的结构:连贯式、总分式、并列式、递进式、对照式(结构包括段落)。一篇完整的说明文常常是几种结构综合运用的。
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