重视语音教学使学生形成良好的英语表达能力需要一个过程尤其针对小学英语初学者在没有音标的帮助下该如何掌握良好的语音呢?
1、 小学英语教师要不断提高自身的业务修养不仅是教育教学方面的也是语音方面的'至少要做到与教材录音带在发音方面保持一致。教师的发音是学生模仿的主要对象之一对学生的英语语音学习起指导和示范作用。在英、美英语相互交融、美国英语盛行的今天作为英语教师学习并掌握美国英语乃大势所趋面对新形势要不断加强学习更新自己的知识结构找出英语和美语的主要差异如词汇、读音、拼写等方面。
词语方面之不同简单举例如下
rp ga
学校中的班级 form gradeclass
商店 shop store
厕所 lavatory toilet
糖果 sweets candy
油炸土豆条 chips french fries
长裤 trousers pants
而英国英语和美国英语的最大差别在于发音rp和ga之间在音素、单词发音、重音和句子语调方面均存在明显差异。因此同时向学生灌输两种英语发音势必会给他们的学习造成混乱与困惑。另外在母语的环境里开始学习一门外语很多学生本来就带有畏难情绪再让他们同时学习两种英语发音无疑会给他们增加不必要的负担挫伤他们学习英语的积极性。读音方面简例如下
1)在passbathaskcan’tfast这一类单词中rp念作/α :/而ga则为//成了/ps/ /bs/ /sk/ /knt/ /fst/。
2)字母o在重读闭音节中rp念为/ /ga念为/α /
rp ga
shop /∫ p/ /∫α p/
box /b ks/ /bα ks/
hot /h t/ /hα t/
3)在ga中只要单词中有r字母就需发相应的/ r /音但在rp中/ r /音只出现在元音前如:
rp ga
work /w :k/ /w :rk/
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
心理学研究认为兴趣是以需要为基础的凡符合需要的事物都可能引起人的兴趣。学生的兴趣正是以学生对知识的'需要而产生的它既是过去学习的产物也是促进今后学习的手段。一方面要对学生进行学习目的性的教育尽量为他们创设机会让他们体会到成功的喜悦以增强他们的学习自信心克服畏难情绪从而激发学习兴趣唤起主体意识发挥主动精神。另一方面在实践中要经常组织学生开展一些趣味性的活动让他们的知识得到及时的使用和巩固同时采用灵活多样的教学方式、建立和谐融洽的新型师生关系、营造轻松愉悦的学习氛围努力使尽可能多的学生参与到课堂教学中来“亲其师信其道”引导学生逐步由“要我学”到“我要学”。
在教学中对不同层次的学生提出不同的掌握词汇的要求为不同层次的学生创造更多成功和发展的机会充分发掘他们的潜能层层递进使每位学生都能各得其所。如由于不同学习水平的学生对同一新知识的掌握所需的时间有差异因此在词汇教学中针对词汇量多、拼读难的特点可以安排五分钟时间指导学习困难学生反复认读、理解掌握;而基础好的学生则可通过归纳反义词、近义词、词类转换及用词造句等方式进一步拓展和提高从而达到不同程度学生共同发展的目的。同时还可开展异质组互助合作学习增加各层次学生的参与以结对子形式以优带差为学习困难学生提供学习和发展的机会。
掌握词的最佳途径之一是把音、形、义结合起来激活具体的语言行为动员学生动脑、动口、动手以保证输入的信息进入长期产生性记忆。要解决音和形的联系应先培养学生按字母、字母组合的读音规则拼读单词的能力。按字母、字母组合读音规则拼读拼写单词是培养学生见词能读、听音能写的最佳途径。
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