Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
有一种思念,叫魂牵梦萦;有一种关怀,叫做无微不至;有一种唠叨,是爱的寄语;有一份新情值得我们永远珍惜。
小时候,自己与妈妈的交流很少,我总是和爸爸玩,妈妈对我来说就是严厉,很恐怖。自己对小提琴是“恨之如骨”,我每天耳边都是妈妈源源不断的唠叨:“快练琴,马上就要考级了,快点练琴去。”我正在玩电脑玩的乐不思蜀,听到妈妈这话我是一个耳朵进一个耳朵出,才不当回儿事,哼哼答应两句就继续玩电脑。妈妈听我没动静,就走来说:“赶快!干什么事都要雷厉风行,拖拖拉拉像什么东西!”听到这话我气不打一处说:“不练!我才不练,练那玩意儿又不能当饭吃!”妈妈一听我这句话生气的说:“你要再不练,我就打你了!”“你敢,你越打我,我越不练!”我嘴硬的说。听到这话妈妈怎么可能放过我,“啪”的一巴掌就打到了我的背上,我哭了,伤心欲绝的跑回房里,在房间里,我一个劲的哭,连晚饭都没吃,哭到最后哭累了就睡下了。半夜里,我听见有声音,就假装睡着,原来,是妈妈进来了,她替我掖了掖被角说:“孩子,妈妈并不想打你,只是替你着急,如果你考级考不好,那你一定会更伤心。妈妈那么爱你,怎么会打你呢?好宝贝,你千万不要不听话,因为这样会害了你的\'!”听到这句话,我的眼角湿润了,在我的印象里,妈妈对我的严格要求是在我心中的形象,可妈妈说这样的话让我很感动,我心里想,明天一定好好练琴,要听妈妈话。第二天,我不仅向妈妈道了歉还练了一上午的琴。从那以后,我与妈妈的关系发生了转变,和妈妈变成了“好朋友”,每天的好事,坏事,有趣的事我都会给妈妈说。
亲情是夜晚一个掖被角的动作,亲情是一家人一起看电视,亲情也是一盆洗脚水……我们每个小孩子现在都是衣来伸手,饭来张口,在家里都是小皇帝小公主,但我们只是索要,却忘记了父母是怎样挣钱养我们的,生活中让我们值得珍惜的东西太多太多,但我们决不能忘掉父母的爱,千万不要在想到要珍惜时,爱却走了,珍惜亲情,珍惜爱!
由于说明文往往是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释,而这种客观的介绍与解释一般是不随时间和空间变化而改变的,比如:说明早锻炼的好处,介绍猫的`胡子的功能,解释臭氧层对人类生活的影响等等,是不受时间和空间影响的。因此,尽管有时为了特殊表达的要求,会在个别地方采用其他时态,英语说明文的基本时态还是一般现在时。下面这篇由香港学生写的充分反映了说明文的这一特点。
The Way to Achieve Success
Many successful people say that they owe much of their success to the cultivation (培养) of certain good habits in early life. In forming good habits, I think we should pay attention to four things, that is, honesty, industry (勤勉), enthusiasm (热情), and thrift (节俭)。
“Honesty is the best policy”。 This is a proverb to which we must pay attention. There are so many temptations (诱惑) in society that through a little carelessness we may go astray (走入歧途)。 But when we are honest, people will not be dishonest to us.
Industry gives every man and woman, every boy and girl, proper work to do. To do nothing is to ruin oneself.
Enthusiasm is a great force. One's soul will expand if one devotes (贡献) oneself to a noble cause. The difficulties in our way are tremendous (巨大的), but what can we not accomplish (取得), if with enthusiasm?
There are many proverbs which set forth (陈述) the advantages (好处) of thrift. Since we live in a world where money is a very powerful thing, we should always try to save part of our earnings for future use.
These are the four things to which we must pay attention. It is only in this way that we can achieve success.
Expert tips on how to prevent avian influenza H7N9 collated by current argument data dictionary
1.平时加强体育锻炼,多休息,避免过度劳累,不吸烟,勤洗手;注意个人卫生,打喷嚏或咳嗽时掩住口鼻。
1 usually strengthen physical exercise, rest more, avoid excessive overworked, do not smoke, wash their hands; pay attention to personal hygiene, when sneezing or coughing and cover your nose and mouth.
2.保持室内清洁,使用消毒液清洗的地毯,避免使用难以清洗的地毯,保持地面、天花板、家具及墙壁清洁,确保排水道通畅;保持室内空气流通,应每天开窗换气两次,每次至少10分钟,或使用抽气扇保持空气流通;尽量少去 空气不流通的场所。
2 keep the room clean, use disinfectant cleaning carpets, avoid the use of hard to clean the carpet, keep the floor, ceiling, furniture and walls clean, to ensure smooth drainage channel; maintains the indoor air circulation, ventilation windows should be at least two times a day, 10 minutes each time, or use a fan to keep air circulation; as little as possible to airless places.
3.注意饮食卫生,进食禽肉、蛋类要彻底煮熟,加工、保存食物时要注意生、熟分开;养成良好的卫生习惯,搞好厨房卫生,不生食禽肉和内脏。解剖活(死家禽、家畜及其制品后要彻底洗手。
3, pay attention to food hygiene, eating meat, eggs should be thoroughly cooked, processing, preservation of food to the attention of raw, cooked separately; develop good health habits, good kitchen hygiene, do not eat raw poultry meat and offal. Anatomy of living (dead to wash hands thoroughly, livestock and poultry products.
同时,在户外洗手不方便的时候,可以使用免洗洗手液,随身携带,随时随地隔离病菌,呵护您的健康。
At the same time, when the outdoor hand-washing is not convenient, can use hand sanitizer, carry whenever and wherever possible, isolate the pathogen, take care of your health.
4.发现疫情时,应尽量避免与禽类接触;公众特别是儿童应避免密切接触家禽和野禽。
4 found in the epidemic, should avoid contact with poultry; the public especially children should avoid close contact with poultry and wild birds.
5.注意生活用具的消毒处理。禽流感病毒不耐热,100°C下一分钟即可灭活。对干燥、紫外线照射、汞、氯等常用消毒药都很敏感。
5 pay attention to disinfection and living appliances. Avian influenza viruses do not heat, 100 ° C, one minute can be inact
天冷了,给我添衣服;下雨了,给我撑雨伞;生病了,为我熬药守护;每天,辛辛苦苦为我做饭、洗衣服……这就是我亲爱的妈妈,她用无私的爱为我搭起了一座亲情之桥。
有一次,天气很热,我穿得很单薄,就去上学了。不久,天空突然扯出一片乌云。过了一会儿,天空轰隆隆响起了阵阵雷声。随之,风越刮越大,瞬间,哗哗哗下雨了。渐渐的,我冷得直发抖了。我没带伞,一路上又没有房子,只好淋着雨去学校。到了学校,我的衣服裤子全湿了,像一条刚从河里上岸的小狗浑身湿淋淋的。全班的同学见了我都围着我说:“你怎么全身都发抖,这么冷还穿这么薄的衣服裤子。”不知怎么,我突然晕倒了,同学们都惊呆了,赶紧去找老师,结果老师没在办公室,都慌得不知如何是好。天还下着大雨,同学们都没带雨伞,只好等老师来了再说。
突然,从教室传来一种熟悉的声音,朦胧中我却睁不开眼睛,后来发生了什么,我就不知道了。等到我睁开眼睛一看,原来妈妈已经来到我的身旁。我惊讶地看看周围,问:“妈妈,我怎么躺在医院里?”妈妈微笑着说:“你在学校晕倒了。下雨时,妈妈知道你没带雨伞,肯定全身淋湿了,我就撑着伞跑到学校,拿衣服给你换。结果,我来到学校,就听到同学们说你晕倒了,我就赶紧把你背进医院。医生检查后说你发高烧,很严重,就让住院了。”
我抚摸着妈妈的手,看见他脸上一滴滴豆大的汗珠不断地流下来,衣服全湿透了,正全身发抖呢!我心疼地说:“妈妈,你怎么这么傻?衣服湿了还不回家换,我这边有医生照顾,您快回家换衣服吧!不然,你也生病了怎么办呢?”我好说歹说,妈妈总是不回去,要陪在我身边。妈妈紧紧地握住我的手,我感到很温暖。因为有妈妈在我的身边保护着我。我不会像那可怜的小鸭在河里游来游去,没有伙伴,也没有妈妈陪在身边,多可怜啊!我越想越觉得自己是多幸福啊!
到了晚上,吊瓶挂完了,天很冷,妈妈把她的衣服脱下来给我穿,自己却冷得直发抖。我心想妈妈对我可太好了,这么冷只顾着我,也不想想自己在发抖。我越想越心疼,眼泪偷偷地掉了一地。到了家里,妈妈又赶紧为我洗脸洗脚,忙得脸上直冒汗。我忍不住偷偷地哭了,没敢让妈妈知道。我生病休息了一个星期,每天第一眼睁开,就是看到妈妈在我的身旁照顾我,为我忙前忙后的。我发现,妈妈为了照顾我,人瘦了,皱纹多了,白发似乎也添上了好几丝……
妈妈用那无私的爱,架起了一座“亲情之桥”!她在那头,我在这头。她在这头,我也在这头。
第一,把握说明对象及特征。阅读说明文,首先要准确地把握说明对象,从而区分事理说明文和事物说明文,进一步理解说明内容。接着还要重点把握说明对象的特征。这是分析一篇说明文的关键。只有准确地把握说明对象的特征,才能深入理解说明对象,以此为突破口,进而理清文章的结构层次、中心内容。要准确把握说明对象的特征,必须认真阅读、理解课文内容,尤其要注意仔细揣摩关键词句(中心句、过渡句、体现作者思路的句子以及文章中反复出现的句子。
第二,理清结构,分析说明顺序。说明文的结构并不复杂。常见的结构形式有“总(概说——分(具体”式、“总(概说——分(具体——总(概说”式、“分(具体——总(概说”式、并列式、递进式等。理清结构,可以帮助我们了解作者的思路,更清晰地领会内容要领。说明顺序是多种多样的。采用什么样的说明顺序,取决于说明对象的特点和说明目的。常用的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序三种。有时一篇文章可交叉使用几种说明顺序,如<中国石拱桥一文,除了按先古后今的时间顺序外,又按先概括后具体、先整体后局部的逻
辑顺序进行说明。各种顺序在语言上都有一定的标志。阅读时抓住有一定标志作用的语言,可以更加顺利地分析说明顺序。总之,说明文的结构和说明顺序密不可分,相辅相成,分析时可同步进行。
第三,分析说明方法。为了说明清楚事物的特征,须采用恰当的说明方法。常见的说明方法有举例子、列数字、比方、作比较、分类别、下定义、作诠释、配图表等。阅读说明文,了解它采用的说明方法,一要看用怎样的说明方法,说明什么对象,有什么作用,二要看所用说明方法是通过怎样的语言形式表达出来的,这样分析才透彻、扎实。
由于在很多情况下,说明文是对客观存在的说明与介绍,因此语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉,比如:
(1)I think that getting up late is not always a bad thing.
(2)It is said that getting up late is not always a bad thing.
相比之下,例(2)的语言要比例(1)的语言客观一些,容易让人接受一些。如果再作一些表述上的改动:
(3)Getting up late is not always a bad thing, according to Franklin Smith, a well-known psychologist in Stanford University.
引进著名人士作为信息的来源,可以使想要说明的内容更具有说服力。如果我们将例(3)中的always再改为necessarily,就可使整个句子更客观、委婉,便于为读者接受:
(4)Getting up late is not necessarily a bad thing, according to Franklin Smith, a well-known psychologist in Stanford University.
在英语中,采用被动语态,引进权威的信息来源以及选用委婉的词语是使说明文避免主观色彩,增加客观性,从而为读者接受的重要语言手段
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