1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
立之有骨,自己为骨。
之所以有人技高一筹,是因为他们会冷静地思考,混乱的思考如同夏日里的风暴,把一切吹的乱七八糟。
热情固然是好的,过度的激动只能叫头脑发热。智者告诉我们:镇定能从危难中获得救赎。
东汉末年,袁绍以保护圣驾为名,讨伐曹操,进攻白马。白马是曹操的战略要地,十分重要,曹操毫不慌乱,率兵攻打袁绍的老窝-邺城。袁绍听后气急败坏,连忙带兵增援。曹操探知如此,掉转方向,进军白马,围攻白马城的袁军还未弄清怎么一回事,就被气势汹汹的曹军***了个大败,落荒而逃。
曹操胜于了冷静,袁绍败于慌乱,历史告诉我沉着冷静是胜利的天平倾斜的砝码。
子曰:学而不思则罔,这说明学习是从思考开始的,我不会去思考那些花木兰姓不姓花一类无关痛痒的问题,我有时思考简单与复杂,人的结构复杂,人性也就复杂,细菌结构简单,生活也简单,思考哲学、思考数学、思考物理,小而言之,思考为解题带来思路;大而言之,思考使我更会思考。
鲁迅先生说:“人类急需一场思想的拯救。”现在的人们何尝不需要?大家忙于快节奏的生活,即使是脑力劳动者,也只思考与自己职业相关的事物,说到底,就是赚钱——生活——赚钱。大家都忙于生活,没有多少人能真正静下来思考。偶有两种人能做到,一种是日暮西山的老者,一种是初春新芽似的婴儿。而前者只顾回首一生,后者什么也不懂。一个国家经济再雄厚,科技再发达,都少不了伟大思想的牵引。这种思想是经过思考才得出来的,可不是心血来潮。
不思考,就没有思想,没有思想,就没有智慧。即使是骗子的伎俩,也是仔细琢磨出来的东西,要不怎么骗人呢?可见,只有经过思考,才能有创造。思考是一切的根本,也是个人成功的跟本。
现代人忙于工作,勤于娱乐,却越娱越不乐。静下心来思考,才能获得真正的娱乐,心中想快乐,快乐才会到来。
每个人都需要快乐,所以要静下来思考,我也不例外,我要实现梦想,就要思考,因此,我的生活要冷静的思考。
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