1.从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that,that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。例句:He told us (that they would help us through the whole work.
2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether,表示“是否”。在whether … or not结构中不能用if替换。例句:I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。例句:He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
“形容词短语”省略的理由和方式,与“分词短语”作后置定语一样。当它们不是句中的重点信息,就可以去掉关系代词和be动词。形容词作后置定语同定语从句一样,可以分为“限制性”和“非限制性”。
例1:I bought this comic book hot off the press. 我买了这本刚刚出版的漫画书。
例2:She is a kind lady, ready to help others. 她是一个善良的女人, 总是帮助别人。
例3:Companies large and small the world over have been developing their own “corporate universities”. 全世界大大小小的公司都一直在办自己的“公司大学”。
当which引导的定语从句指代主句全部内容时,可以把which改为it,作形式主语,把原来的主句改成正在主语。或者把定语从句的整个信息改换为名词短语作主语,使原来的定语从句变成简单句。
例4: He indulges himself all day in computer games, which makes his parents extremely sad.
改为:It makes his parents extremely sad that he indulges himself all day in computer games.
他整天沉湎于电脑游戏,这使他父母伤心至极。(主语从句
或者:His indulgence in computer games all day makes his parents extremely sad. (名词短语
一般说来,用on和at表示“as soon as, once”。on后面常接“来、去”之类的词,at后面常接“听到、看到”之类的词。in后面接其他带动作的词,相对于从属连词“while”。
例1:On removing them he was stunned to see that the plates were fogged where the crystals had covered them.当他把晶体揭开时,发现盘子上方雾蒙蒙,他吃了一惊。
例2:In running down the stairs, I heard the clock struck twelve.
我在跑下楼的时候,听见钟敲了十二下。
例3:He jumped with joy at hearing the news.他一听到这个消息就高兴得跳了起来。
基本概念定语:用于修饰名词或代词的成分就叫定语。 定语从句:如果修饰某个名词或代词的定语是一个完整的句子,这个句子就叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句的引导:定语从句的引导词代替的是先行词。
1、当定语从句所修饰的名词是事、物时,用that/which引导,且that/which在定语从句中作主语或宾语。e.g:a.Thisisthepenthat/whichIboughtyesterday.
2.当定语从句所修饰的名词是人时用that/who引导,引导词再从句中做主语或宾语。
3.定语从句修饰的\'名词时地点时用which/that或where引导:若地点名词在定语从句中是作主语或宾语就用that/which引导,是作地点状语则用where引导,可与“介词+which”互换。作visited的宾语作介词in的宾语作work的地点状语
4.当定语从句修饰的名词是时间名词时:若在定语从句中作主语或宾语用that/which,作时间状语则用when,同样可与“介词+which”互换。
5.当定语从句所修饰的名词在定语从句中表示原因时用why。’tcomeisstillamystery.
6.当定语从句修饰的名词和引导词后面的那个词之间是所有关系时,用whose引导。女儿已经出国的那个人是位医生
7.一些特殊情况:
如果定语从句的时态与主句的时态具有同时性(包括谓语有情态动词或之后性,则可以用“关系代词或关系副词+不定式”来简化,或直接用“不定式”来修饰先行词。要注意的是,此时的不定式一定要是及物动词,如果是不及物,则需要在动词后面加上相应的介词,使之成为及物动词短语。这个结尾的介词可以提前到关系代词前面,也可以继续留在句尾。前者是正式说法,后者是非正式说法。
例1:We moved to the country so that the children would have a garden in which they could play in.
我们搬到了乡下,好让孩子们有个花园在里面玩。
改为:We moved to the country so that the children would have a garden in which to play.
或者:We moved to the country so that the children would have a garden to play in.
例2:He felt miserable unless he had neighbors (whomhe could quarrel with.
他要是没有可以吵架的邻居就难受。
改为:He felt miserable unless he had neighbors with whom to quarrel.
或者:He felt miserable unless he had neighbors to quarrel with.
例3: The conference which will be held this afternoon is bound to be a great success. 计划在今天下午举行的会议一定会取得成功。
改为:The conference which to be held this afternoon is bound to be a great success.
或者:The conference to be held this afternoon is bound to be a great success.
例4:At a ceremony in Honolulu on Dec. 29, Postmaster General John E. Potter gave a preview of the Lunar New Year Commemorative Stamps Souvenir Sheet, the grand finale of the Lunar Year stamp series, which will be available in 2005.
12月29日,美国邮政总局局长约翰·E·波特在檀香山从句了农历新年的纪念邮票小型张的揭幕仪式,这枚小型张将于2005年正式发行,它为农历新年的系列纪念邮票写下了完美的结局。(注意:与定语从句一样,也可以采用非限制性形式
改为:At a ceremony in Honolulu on Dec. 29, Postmaster General John E. Potter gave a preview of the Lunar New Year Commemorative Stamps Souvenir Sheet, the grand finale of the Lunar Year stamp series, to be available in 2005.
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