那天,我和往常一样兴高采烈地去上学,可校门前的异常景象不由自主地吸引了我的目光:一大群人正在七嘴八舌地议论着,还有些人在看热闹。原来一完小对面的一间门面不知是什么原因在凌晨时突然着火了,有人赶紧跑过去灭火,有人拨打119火警电话,后来消防车来了,是消防员费了九牛二虎之力,终于把大火给扑灭了。天哪!这还是以前的那间房子吗?一间好好的房子就在一股熊熊大火中变成了一片废墟。据说虽然房子的主人损失了五万多元,但是却没有一人死亡,真是不幸中的万幸呀。
自从人懂得使用火以来,火在社会的发展进程中起到了极其重要的作用。虽然火能为人所用,但如果失去控制,就会给我们带来非常巨大的伤害。一个个火灾悲剧及所造成的惨痛损失告诉我们,一旦大火烧起来的`话,就会以迅雷不及掩耳之势的速度蔓延,想要扑灭是非常困难的。要防患于未然就必须提高我们的安全防火意识,要增强自己的自我保护意识,要提高灭火逃生能力。我们是祖国的未来,正处于求知时期的我们更容易吸收消防安全知识,日常生活中,我们要自觉加强防火、防触电等基本常识的学习,这样就可以让我们的生活更加幸福美满。
暑假伊始,我认真学习了有关学校的法律法规学习。通过学习,使我自己的法律意识有了明显提高,能够领悟到法律的深层次内涵,有了质的飞跃。学习中我静下心来,有的放矢地联系《新义务教育法》、《未成年人保护法》等与学校有着直接联系的相关法律法规,觉得还有很多工作需要改进,需要提高,有必要作深层次的思考。
法制社会要求全体公民知法懂法,特别要会运用法律维护自身或集体的利益,运用法律指导自己的言行。作为老师当然要深刻理解相应的教育法律法规,诸如《中华人民共和国义务教育法》、《教师法》、《未成年人保护法》等母法,以及教育部颁发的相关子法和一些条例。
通过有关教育法律法规的学习,使我对教师的权利和义务、教师的行为规范、教育教学工作的开展、未成年人的保护、义务教育法的内涵有了进一步的认识。通过学习,我知道要想做一名合格的人民教师,必须知道国家和人民对教师的要求是什么,什么样的行为是合乎教师行为规范的,哪些是违法的,教育的目标是什么,教师应该拥有的权利和义务是什么。
我们作为人民教师,在教育学生在学会知识的同时,我们还要教会学生什么。我们不光要培养出知识能力优秀的人才,我们还要对学生进行思想道德建设教育,还要进行爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义和中华民族精神教育。在教育的过程中,一定要平等地对待每一个学生,用真心去关爱他们,发现学生的优点,发展学生的.长处,使他们能感受到父母般的温暖,享受到学习的快乐和满足,过一种幸福的学习生活。
决不能像以前那样,单从学习出发去评价学生,对学习成绩好的学生关爱备至,对学习差的孩子漠不关心,甚至冷嘲热讽,谩骂打击。因为我们教育的目的是让每一个学生都能够健康快乐的成长,都能成为社会做所需的多层次人才,让学生享受公平的教育资源,而不是仅为了那几个优秀生。应该把教育办成发现人才、培养人才的场所,而不是淘汰人才的地方!
对孩子的教育一定要注意方式,讲究方法。如果方法不当,就可能起不到作用,甚至收到相反的效果。尤其是不能歧视差生、体罚或变相体罚学生。歧视包括行动上的歧视和心灵上的歧视,比如在教学实践中,不批改差生的作业,或者根据成绩和表现排座位等都属于行动上的歧视;而对差生不管不问,态度冷漠,则是一种心灵上的歧视。
体罚实际上也有两种,一种是身体上的惩罚,如罚站、抄多少遍书等;还有一种是心灵上惩罚,也叫心罚,就比如语言上的讽刺和打击,对学生的冷漠等。研究发现,心罚比体罚对学生的伤害更大,往往会摧毁它们的意志力,使他们对自己丧失信心、失去斗志,丢掉了拼搏进取的勇气,这是非常可怕的!
通过教育法规的学习,使我深感自己做得还很不够,有时确实无意识地违反了教育法规。我们班有几个不大爱学习的孩子,经常作业拖三拉四,交上来的作业,要么是缺题少做,要么是一连几天作业堆在一起。更使人烦恼的事不接受教育帮助。我当时当学生的面说,你不交,不识错,我还不改呢!我这么做起不到什么作用,甚至收到相反的效果。
接下来的是学生他不交作业的次数就更多了。通过学习教育法律法规,我认识到自己的做法是错误的是剥夺了学生的学习权益,也是对学生心理的一种伤害。在以后的工作中,我一定要心中装有法律,用教育法律法规不断的完善自己,超越自己,使自己成为一个真正知法、执法的合格的教师,同时不断提高自己的业务能力和教育科研能力,不做教书匠,争做教育家!
如今,学生的自主意识和维权意识在日益增强,那种对学生管理只有义务规范而缺少权利规范、片面强调学校权利而漠视学生权益、认为受教育者就应该以服从为主以及习惯于用道德评价代替对学生的法律评价的做法已越来越不适用。在过去的工作中,我们发觉学生已经学会拿起法律武器来捍卫自己的合法权益,这就要校的管理者也应该依据法律的规定来管理学校,不断提升学校的品质。
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物,阐明事理的`一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性,给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类,词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。
按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为下面六种类型
1.例证法 2.定义法 3.分类法 4.因果关系法 5.比较对照法 6.过程分析法
1.例证法
Our life today depends very much on energy. For example, machines have made our life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods-everything. Factories use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.
这段主要是讲能源问题。第一句为主题句,概括地说出"我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖能源"。接着用举例的方法从三方面说明能源的作用。
2.定义法
An ideal teacher must have the following characteristics. He should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn. His personality is as important as his scholarship. An ideal teacher must be enthusiastic. He should be a bit of an actor and he shouldn't be afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and dislikes. An ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students.
本段的展开是通过对"一个模范教师"下定义的方法,关键词"ideal teacher"在文中多次重复,能加深读者的印象。
3.分类法
As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories. First are the conservative people. Conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes. Second are the liberal people. These people are in favour of progress and reform. But their opinions often seem too idealistic. Third are the moderate people. The moderates keep everything within reasonable limits. They are more practical in this hard world. In my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group.
本段把人按政治观点分为三类:保守派(conservative people、自由派(liberal people和温和派(moderate people,并对他们各自的特征进行了简要的分析。
4.因果关系法
Of the four seasons, I like spring best. I prefer spring because it is a season of much joy and gaiety. New life bursts out everywhere. Plants wear a green coat again and colourful flowers blossom in gardens and mountains. The old come outdoors for fresh air and the young plan for outdoor activities. Life becomes so energetic and happy.
第一句为本段主题句,末句是总结句。在主题句后, 作者用了四个句子阐述自己喜欢春天的理由。
5.比较对照法
I like having a twin sister. When she's happy, I'm happy. When she feels unhappy, I feel the same. Often, I know what she's going to say. Sometimes, I know what she's thinking. I like what she likes. I hate what she hates. We like the same music, the same food and the same books.
这段采用AB交错的比较方式,阐述孪生姐妹的相同特征。这种写法较流畅自然,给读者的印象也更鲜明突出。
6.过程分析法
There are several steps to plant a tree. First, dig a hole large enough for the tree, but the hole should not be too deep. Second, put the tree in the hole so that it is straight. Third, put the earth back into the hole again. Push it down hard with your foot several times. Finally, water the tree well, as often as possible.
这段分析了植树过程中的几个步骤。全段层次分明,连接词语(first, second, third, finally的使用加强了语句的连贯性。
Exercises
例1 请根据Wang Hua 在学骑自行车时的几个步骤,写一篇短文,说明他是任何学会骑自行车的.
参考词汇: handle-bars 自行车把手 pedal 踏板 saddle 车座
Wang Hua is learning to ride a bicycle. Let’s watch him and see how he can get on his bicycle. He put his hands on the handle-bars. He puts his left foot on the left pedal, then he pushes himself hard forward with his right leg. Now he can move on together with the bicycle and his whole body is now on the bicycle. Then, he raises his right leg over the saddle and lower himself on the saddle. Now, he is on the bicycle and stepping the pedals hard with both legs. And the bicycle is going forward.
例2
请写一篇短文介绍如何乘坐伦敦地铁.
内容提示如下:
1. 在售票处(booth购买辅币(token需30便士.
2. 在入口处将辅币投入狭孔(slot,你就可以走下地铁.
3. 在站台等车时,要站在白线以外.注意你要去的方向.不要站错站台.
4. 上下车应迅速,因为车门关闭很快.地铁内规定不准吸烟.
注意:短文的意思要连贯. 字数:100个左右.
If you want to travel by underground in London, you should first find the nearest underground entrance and buy a token for 30 pence in the booth. After you drop the token into the slot at the entrance, you can walk down the stairs. Stand back of the white line while waiting for the train on the platform. Make sure that you are on the right side of the platform for your train. When the train arrives, get on or get off quickly because the doors of the train close quickly. Smoking is not allowed in the underground.
例3
家用电脑体积下,价格低,造型优美,简单易用,使用方便,灵活;可用于计算,记事,打电话,打印信件;儿童可用它来学英语,做游戏. 你通过家用电脑能学会怎样使用微机;为将来寻找工作提供便利;电脑工作比人快数百倍;我们已经得到电脑的巨大帮助. 请根据以上内容写一篇介绍家用电脑的说明文. 字数120左右.
A Family Computer
A family computer is small. Its price is not high, and it has a good look. It can be used easily. You can calculate, make notes, call others and type letters, etc. Also, children can learn English or play games with it. Besides, you can use a family computer as a training computer. You can learn how to use an office computer, which can give you convenience to find a good job in a company. Computers can work hundreds of times faster than humans. We have been greatly helped by
computers.
例 4
请以The Importance of Trees 为题写一篇短文,说明保护森林的必要性.
1. 说明树木的主要用途:提供木材;吸水,防止水灾,旱灾;净化空气,美化生活.
2. 滥伐树木的危害;无计划砍伐造成水土流失,土壤沙化,造成水灾.
3. 每年都应植树造林,使其为人类更好服务等等.
字数:100左右.
As we all know, trees are very useful. They are of great benefit to man as follows. First, trees provide us with wood and other products. Second, their roots can allow the rain to sink in and keep the soil, so they help to prevent droughts and floods. Trees can help clean air and beautify life.
Unfortunately, nowadays in many parts of the world lots of people fail to realize the importance of trees. They have cut trees down in large numbers without a plan, which makes the soil washed away. They don’t know where there are no trees, the rain washes away the surface of the soil and this causes floods.
We ought to plant trees each year and carefully look after new trees in order not to make the forest slowly disappear. Only in this way can we make the forest serve man forever.
例 5
根据下表格提供的信息,请你推荐两本学中文的词典.
Dear Steve,
I’m pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese. I’d like to recommend the following two dictionaries. The English- Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary is really a good one for beginners. It has 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese words. Besides plenty of examples, it has many notes telling you how to use a word. Xinhua Dictionary is the most popular Chinese dictionary, and it has a vocabulary of 10,000 words. It may also be useful to some advanced learners of Chinese. Of the two, ECCED is the more expensive, costing 52 yuan, and XD costs 11 yuan.
Please let me know if you want me to buy these dictionaries.
Yours, Li Yua
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