比较法也是一种常见的论证方法,分对比与类比两种。
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6) Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7) Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8) According to a recent survey, ……
9) With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.
2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. ,
4.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.
5....has many advantages.For example,…
6. However,just as every coin has two sides,…has it’s disadvantages.
II…play(san important role/part in……
1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.
2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.
3.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.
4.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.
5.Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness.
6.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
7.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,and fax have taken their place.
III.With the development of…
1.With the development of our economy,many Chinese families can afford a car.
2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.
3.With the rapid development of Science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.
4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6.With more and more women entering the society,people's attitude towards women is changing.
7.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of,a significant number of
families can afford a car.
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but…
四、批驳
1)It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ……
7) Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10) No one can deny the fact that ……
11) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13) Recent studies indicate that ……
14) There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15) According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 :
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word,generally speaking,to conclude等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3). We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population.
4). We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.
5). The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.
6). Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.
7) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8) In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9) There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14) Taking all these into account, we ……
15) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分,表示客观存在的'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There is no point in talking about it again.
There is something you don't know.
There is not enough time to do the work. .
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1.由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化:The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
2.由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化:One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves.
3.用of连接含有by的短语,把简单句转换成名词短语
美,有大美,小美。美是什么呢?有人说是自信,是善良,是的,这些都是美。曾记得法国艺术家罗丹说过一句名言:“美在于发现。生活中不是缺少美,而是缺少一双发现美的眼睛。”
每天,每小时,甚至每分钟,都有一个感人的故事发生,最美司机,最美妈妈,最美女教师,虽然他们的样貌不是最美的,但他们用自己爱心让人们觉得他们是最美的,这是什么美?这是心灵的美。
雨后,树叶上的一颗晶莹的露珠,一片绿油油的草地,一条清澈的小溪,一片郁郁葱葱的森林,不都很美吗?生活中其实有很多的美,只是你没发现而已,你用一种“世界很美”的心态看世界,那么,你看到的世界就是最美的。239
你有想到过传递美吗?就是献出一份爱心。为贫困山区的孩子送一本童话书,如果每个人都这样做,当山区的孩子看到那一本本他们想都不敢想的童话书时,该会多么的高兴……
当一个合唱团站在舞台上,唱着同一首歌,穿着一样的服装,也很美,这是和谐的美。你走进一个团体,你是想成为一个硬邦邦的鸡蛋,还是一个软塌塌的萝卜,或是一片片已经融入水中的茶叶呢?我想,应该是溶于水的茶叶吧。茶叶,在水中,让自己舒展、滋润,同时,让淡而无味的水散发清香,既满足了自己,也成全了他人。
慢慢地去发现美吧!
例证法也叫事例论证,是用令人信服的典型事例来证明自己论点正确的一种方法。它是议论文写作中最常用的一种论证方法。“事实强于雄辩”,在典型的事例面前,道理不言而喻。
要用好例证法,必须注意以下几个方面:
1、事例要典型、确凿、有影响力。一般来讲,应优先考虑著名的人物或事例,慎用校园、家庭、市井街头的琐碎事例。
2、事例的叙述要简明扼要,切忌拖泥带水,过于详细。举例是为了证明观点,不是为了弄清事实,切忌本末倒置。
3、事例切忌单一狭隘,要丰富广阔,要点面结合,古今中外相映成辉。同类事例掌握多时可考虑采用句式排比列举。
4、事例列举之后要简短分析,不能将例证法变成事例整理,忌有例无证。
5、勤于积累,精于筛选。“书到用时方恨少”,平时多读书报,摘记、剪贴是主要手段。积累多了,自然能融会贯通、左右逢源。
粮食哺育的是身体,而书籍哺育的是灵魂。一个知识与智慧不断增长的人,才是健康的人,我要做个健康的人。
一本我喜爱的书就是一位朋友,一位老师,也是一处我随时想去就去的故地以及生活的营养品。一本好书蕴含着丰富的知识和美好的情感。阅读一本好书,就是跨越时间和空间,同睿智而高尚的人对话,这是多么美妙的事情啊!古今中外有成就的人,都喜欢阅读,并善于从书中汲取营养,从而走上了成功之路。一本书,从不同的角度,以不同的方式,去读书,都能读得津津有味,因为世上没有两个人会用同一种方式读同一本书。
我十分爱看书,每次看得如痴如醉,如饥似渴,从中汲取有用的东西。莎士比亚说“书籍是全世界的营养品”。像我这样对看书到沉迷的少年,它的功用更是不言而喻。醉心阅读使我得到了报偿。我的作文不再千篇一律,每一篇都别出心裁,与众不同,常常受到老师的好评。真是“读书破万卷,下笔如有神”,现在觉得“一日无书,百事荒芜”啊!
我最爱看记事的作文,吸引我的是那一波浙的故事,是各种人物的命运遭遇,他们的悲欢离合常常使我牵肠挂肚。童年即将过去,书占了童年的大部分时光,但我依然过得很快乐,因为看书是我最大的享受。童年像一幅流光溢彩的画卷,书就像画卷上一阕跳跃着的欢快的音符的乐章。
书,永远的营养品。
邀请信:
It is my pleasure / a great honor for me to invite you to ...
I am sure that you will enjoy yourself here.
I hope that you won’t decline my invitation.
感谢信:
It was kind and generous of you to do this for me and I do appreciate it more than I can say.
Thank you from the bottom of my heart for ...
道歉信:
I am terribly sorry that I have done ...
I hope that the settlement of the matter will meet your wishes.
I regret to inform you that I am unable to do ...
询问信:
I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain ...
I shall be grateful if you can offer me the information about ...
I would like some detailed information about ...
求职信:
I wish to apply for a position with your company.
I am very interested in exploring a position as a ... with your company.
I trust myself that I have the appropriate qualifications and experience for this post.
投诉信:
I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with / at ...
I am completely disappointed to find ...
喻证法是用设喻来论证论点的方法。
在议论文中,设喻可以使论点更易懂、更风趣、更容易获得读者的认同。喻证法能化抽象为具体、化艰深为浅显、化枯燥为生动。
运用喻证法必须注意以下三点:
1、以小见大,就近取譬。要精选生活中细小的、人们熟悉的事物做为设喻的喻体。喻体如果不是读者常见熟知的,就达不到喻证的目的。
2、喻体不求形似,求神似。做为喻证的喻体与做为比喻的喻体不同。比喻的喻体是为了强调特征,描绘事物,侧重形似,以形比形;而喻证的喻体是为了阐发观点,以正视听,力求神似,以义取形。一定要对自己所要论争的对象和用来设喻的事物之间的对应关系进行细致入微的体味与揣摩。
3、精剖喻体,丝丝入扣。《拿来主义》中鲁迅先生的喻证法运用得是很经典的。他用“大宅子”比喻“文化遗产”;用“孱头”、“混蛋”、“废物”来批判三种对待文化遗产的错误观点和态度;用“鱼翅”、“鸦片”、“烟枪、烟灯”、“姨太太”来比喻文化遗产的几个组成部分;用“占有”、“挑选”、“创新”来说明批判继承文化遗产的三个步骤。十分贴切,浑然一体,令人信服并不由得拍案叫绝。
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