To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
定理二主要阐述了幸福原则。虽然幸福原则不是康德所认为的普遍适用于每个理性存在者的实践法则,但是康德看不否认幸福的作用,并且认为人毕竟是有感情的动物,追求幸福是每个人的本性。康德花了大篇幅论述幸福原则、幸福与德行的关系以及幸福之所以不能成为实践法则的理由。
1、幸福原则:一切质料的实践原则本身皆为同一种类,并且从属于自爱或个人幸福的普遍原则。即一切物质的、主观的实践原则都是从属于对幸福的欲求这股基本的原则。出自一个事物实存的表象的快乐,在它应当是对这个事物的欲求的决定根据范围内,是以主体的接受性为基础的,因为它依赖于一个对象的此在。即人们的快乐(幸福它是由人对所希望得到的对象而确定的它是人们的主观愿望、主观感觉决定的,是依赖于人的愿望的那个对象而存在的,倘若人们想要的那个东西没有得到,那么这种幸福便不复存在了。从而它属于感觉(情感,而不属于知性,后者依照概念表达表象与一个客体的关系,而不依照情感表达表象与主体的关系。即幸福是之于主体(人的一种感觉,它不是依赖客观实在而是依赖主体的感觉。于是,只有在主题期待于对象现实性的那种愉悦感觉决定欲求能力的范围之内,这种快乐才是实践的。但是,想在一个理性存在者有关贯穿他整个此在的人生整个此生的人生愉悦的意识就是幸福,而使幸福成为意志的最高决定依据的那个原则,正是自爱原则。于是,一切质料得原则既然将意愿的决定依据置于从任何一个对象的现实性那里感受到的快乐与不快乐之中,便在它们一并属于自爱原则或个人幸福的范围以内。即这种原则就人们的行动是以是否获得了幸福快乐为依据的。
2、幸福与德行的关系:尽管康德把德行看做人之所能得到的最高的东西,尽管他把先天理性和感性经验对立起来,但他并不排斥幸福原则。相反,他认为幸福是一个完善的道德所不可缺少的因素幸福虽然和德行相关联,但它既不是德行的附属品,也不是德行的派生物,如斯多亚派所主张的那样:幸福就是对德行的认识。在康德看来,一个有德行的人,还不是一个道德完善的人。道德虽然是最高的善,但不是唯一的善也不是完全的\'善。一个有德行的人还应该得到幸福,最理想的情况是所得的幸福和他所有的德行在程度上相一致。不应得的幸福是无价值的,得不到报偿的德行本身虽然可贵。而伴随着应得幸福的德行却最为理想。德行是幸福的条件,其本身必须是无条件得善。所以,康德的德行论并不否认幸福为完满的道德生活所必须。他所着重的不是幸福,而是去研究怎样才值得幸福才配得上去享受幸福,研究幸福的条件是什么,以及这种条件是从哪里来的。
3幸福之所以不能成为实践法则的理由:由对幸福原则的论述可知,每个人对幸福的定义是不同的,只有自己期待的对象得到了,才算的上幸福,而每个人的对幸福的欲求是不同的,因此,幸福是不可能适用于每一个人的普遍法则。
整体来说,康德对于幸福的阐述是基于道德法则基础上的,是辩证论述的,因此,很有说服力。
to prevent H7N9 we should know some common sense. First of all, it is important for us to prevent H7N9 from ourselves. For example, clean our hands frequently.
Sencondly, do more exercises. Such as running. Lastly, change our diet to keep balence. For example, eat more types of vegetables and drink more water
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
让我难以忘怀的人是我四年级的好朋友——陈晓娜。
她有一头乌黑的短发,黑黑的皮肤,圆圆的脸蛋上镶着一张樱桃小嘴,两只眼睛炯炯有神,上面两条淡淡的眉毛衬托着。一次春游,老师带领我们来到一个树林里来野餐,老师让大家三个人一组去玩,等老师准备好了饭菜后让我们再回到这里一起吃饭、集合。我、香月和班上的一位男同学分到了一组,我和香月手拉手向一个方向跑去,那位男生跟在我们身后。我和小娜就像逃出笼的小鸟一样,快活的玩着。一会儿跟蜗牛’赛跑‘,一会儿站在一个小丘上大声叫,这时也有一个声音传了过来,我和小娜我看看你,你看看我,又哈哈大笑了起来。突然小娜发现和我们一组的那位男生不见了。我和小娜焦急的找着,小娜还时不时的自责着。这时不远处传来一阵沙沙的声音,我和她朝那个地方慢慢地走去,我的心不停地跳,心想;这个森林里不会有大老虎吧。声音越来越近,我和小娜走了过去,一看,那位男生正抓着一只小兔子。你怎么在这,害我和她好担心。我有些生气地说。我们还是别责怪他了,如果不是我们只顾着自己玩,也不会小娜说。我无言以对,深深的低下了头。
就在这时,那位那男生说:你们‘好吵’呀,我的小白兔都被你们吓着啦!你才吵呢。我和小娜异口同声道。我和小娜又笑了。我和小娜蹲下来看小兔子津津有味的吃着大白菜,它一会儿吃着吃着又看看我们,一会儿又转过头去吃,生怕别人抢了它的大白菜。那位男生在我的催促下终于放了小白兔,否则他还想把那只小兔子煮了吃了呢。这时,我们发现自己迷路了。我记得嚎啕大哭,那位男生也不知所措地左右乱窜,只有小娜很镇定,突然她发现了一个树墩,高兴的叫了起来,我抹去了泪水,疑惑不解的看着她,她说:我的爸爸教了我看树墩来分辨方向,我们开始是朝北方走才来到这里的,根据树墩,我们应该朝这个方向走。小娜带领我们朝那个方向走,走了很久后,我们终于走了出去。
陈小娜——这个我儿时的好朋友,令我至今也难以忘怀。
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