题目:(一请以“乐在其中”为题,写一篇不少于600字的记叙文。
(二请以“话说诚信”为题,写一篇不少于600字的议论文。
要求:(1上列两题,请任选其一作答。
(2文中不得出现真实的人名、地名、校名。
【解读】
纵观娄底市近几年中考作文命题,能够寻找到一些具有启发性的信息。从写作内容来看,坚持从生活中发现真善美,传递正能量,培养考生积极乐观向上的精神品德、价值观与人生观;从写作技法来看,从小处着眼,关注细微处的感动,用细节说话;从体裁来说,记叙、议论两种文体并行。这些基本的作文命题特点,预测未来几年娄底卷一直会坚持下去,2016年娄底考区师生备考时,值得重视。
2015年两道题目依然是这个规律的体现。这两道题目的写作要求简单,审题容易,每一个考生都有相关生活的体验,每一个考生都会有话可写。但是,这两道题目考生也容易流俗,构思立意大众化,简单化,得高分不容易了。因此,写作时要在选材、立意、写作技法等方面高人一等才能出彩,注重一个“新”字才能获得高分。
文题一
一、选材立意要新颖。通俗易懂,审题容易,选材宽泛的题目,考生的选材立意容易陷入俗套,档次分往往偏低,一般在及格分上徘徊。因此,这类作文的写作关键在于选材立意上的新,一般思维的突破,对于本题来说这点特别重要。我们可以思考以下的立意角度。
1。乐在阅读中。阅读一本好书;吟诵一首;养成一个读书习惯;品读一篇佳作等,无不是心灵的放逐与精神的享受,阅读带来的是一种心灵的愉悦。采摘几段阅读的生活片段,写出其中的乐趣,在阅读品味高雅,在乐趣中体现个性与追求。
2。乐在友谊中。人生得一知己足矣,一段真挚的友谊是一段美好的回忆,学习中的互助,生活上的帮助,精神上的鼓掌,无不需要友谊的温暖。撷取生活中友谊之花,或学习上的,或生活中的无私帮助,写出友谊的可贵。
3。乐在勤勉,奋斗的追求态度中。勤勉,奋斗等积极向上的人生态度是学习生活必备的品质之一,是新时期社会大力倡导,极力弘扬的正能量之一。通过叙写学习中,或者生活上克服困难,用勤勉打败困难的.曲折历程,不失为佳作。
4。乐在山水之中。每一个人都有一种情怀,倾情山水,放逐山林,在璀璨的古诗文中,醉心山水是一个永恒的主题。我们可以选某段难忘的山水游历为材料,以鬼斧神工的山或者清澈宁静的水为切入口,尽赏山水之乐。
总之,构思选材要超脱低俗,表达出思想上,认识上得到的积极向上的感悟与享受,弘扬某种人生启迪。
二、注意细节描写。本题来说,细节技巧的关键在细节描写。文题要求表达出在做喜欢的某事中获得的快乐感受。这需要通过细节来要刻画,乐是一种心理活动,一种细腻的情感,需要通过语言、动作、神态来体现,因此,要抓住细微的地方来动人。
文题二
1、读懂要求,审清立意。本题是典型的议论文。“话说”在这里是议论文的标志。“诚信”就是实事求是,诚实无欺,信守诺言,言行相符,表里如一。立意要表达诚信的意义与价值。
2、文体要鲜明,规范。本题要注意文体特征要鲜明,议论文得分的几个关键点要注意,即:(1结构要清晰,如“总--分--总”,或者“总---分”,或者“分---总”的安排。(2事例论证中事实要高度概括,不能记叙文化或者散文化。
3、选材关注社会。文题紧扣社会主义核心价值观来命制。写作时要把目光投向社会,关注社会诚信缺失问题,呼唤成为诚信的社会,传播社会正能量。
【误区】
“乐在其中”有两个要素,一是“乐”,二是“其中”,即指做某事、进行某活动等。写作要紧扣这两个要素,能表达出在喜欢做某事中获得快乐的感受,并能表现在思想上,认识上得到了某种感悟。但是,在考场阅卷中,发现对紧扣“乐”,缺“其中”的情况,
即:缺事件的叙写。这类卷只能在四、五类评分。
“话说诚信”,表达诚信的意义与价值,审题都没有。
【范文】
乐在其中
许多人叹息读书之苦---密密匝匝的方块字,艰深难懂的人生哲学都令他们对读书二字十分厌倦,觉得那是索然无味的无用功。可我却要大声呼喊:“我读书,我快乐!”
犹记儿时,母亲送我一套《十万个为什么》。当时对科学一无所知,起初我好奇地阅读,渐渐地,书中浅显易懂的科学道理如同一把把钥匙,解开了我童年时对许多现象的疑惑,同时也打开了我的知识大门。每每明白一个现象的的成因,我的心中便会有说不出的欢喜。那神奇的酸碱中和、雷电成因一直萦绕在我的心头。于是在一个个问题的指引下,我开始发奋学习,试图寻求这些问题的答案。每每我收获成功的喜悦时,我都会在心中感谢那那套《十万个为什么》,是它告诉我了阅读之乐,点燃了我对未知的探求。
带着阅读的乐趣,我在五年级时开始接触四大名著。书中许多晦涩难懂的文言曾令我满头雾水,不知所措。我也曾想放弃,但每每问题解决后收获的那份喜悦又支持着我前行。就这样,我对这典雅却又有些难深的文字深深吸引,带着我看到黛玉“赤条条来去无牵挂”的傲骨冰清,读懂梁山好汉的豪迈情怀和为现实所迫的无奈。当我读到诸葛亮使空城计时,不得不被他的超凡智慧所折服;当我读至黛玉葬花与忧伤而叹息。在这些人物的喜怒哀乐之间,我寻找到了饱尝人世沧桑后又趋于平静的乐趣。当我的心被这瑰丽的文字所折服时,无意间购得的一本诗词选集更是激起了我心中的千朵浪花。徜徉在古诗词的殿堂中,我既看到“飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天”的雄奇景色,也读出了“无可奈何花落去,似曾相识燕归来”的无尽惆怅与淡淡喜悦。在这文字的洗礼下,我拥有了武松的坚毅豪迈,也具备了李清照的细腻情怀。每个方块字如夏日清泉,使我在阅读中感受到了格外的快乐。
读书十年,收获最大的并非什么深奥的思考,而是“乐”之一字。我体味到生活的苦尽甘来之乐,体味到学海无涯之乐。阅读其乐无穷。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
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