好的文章动静结合、张弛有度有节奏感。句式也是一样,要有变化性,这不仅能使文章更生动,也是语言表达方式的需要和表达能力的体现。句式的`变化,主要是要注意两点:
● 不要从头至尾使用一种句型。
● 长短句结合。
由于语言功底的欠缺和惯用思维,很多人写的文章一种句式到头,如:
I think …
I hope…
He does it.
He will take it
这样的文章虽然意思表达出来了,却显得呆板,欠生动。解决的办法是:
1.间或使用主从复句。
Because he is very much determined, he will carry it out this time. (原因
比较:He is very much determined. He will carry it out this time.
2.使用分词结构句。
The weather being fine, a large number of people went sightseeing.
比较:The weather is fine. A large number of people went sightseeing.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
比较:Africa is the second largest continent. Its size is about three times that of China.
3.使用不定式句。
To be or not to be, that is a question. (莎士比亚
To study or not to study, that is much different.(引申
To do it well, you must plan it well.
比较:You want to do it well. And you must plan it well.
4.倒装句
Only when we fully recognize its importance can we have control of its essence.
比较:After we fully recognize its importance, we can have control of its essence.
No sooner had he arrived home than it began to rain.
比较:He arrived home. And it began to rain.
5.失衡句
whether or not he will come is still unknown to all the people present.
比较:No one present knows whether he will come or not.
That he has done it all by himself is known to everyone.
比较:Everyone knows that he has done it all by himself.
当然,句子并不是越长越好,也不是越复杂水平就越高。凡事皆有度。太多长句的堆砌让人觉得是买弄。有时侯,一个短小精辟的句子可以起到画龙点睛的作用。特别是在文末段尾。比如:
●As a creature, every one knows.
●Actions speak louder than words.
●Practice makes perfect.
这本书花了我300元。
I spent 300 yuan on the book.
I paid 300 yuan for the book.
The price of the book is 300 yuan.
It cost me 300 yuan to buy the book.
我不懂什么英语,李明也不懂。
I don’t know any English, nor does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, nor does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, neither does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, no more does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, so it is with Li Ming.
I know no more English than Li Ming does.
I know as little English as Li Ming does.
一到家,我就把所见到的一切都记了下来。
On/Upon arriving home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
As soon as I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
The moment I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
科技创新这个名词,大家都很熟悉,电脑、电视都是科技创新的馈赠,自从瓦特发明了蒸汽机也是科技创新的结果;自从爱迪生发明了电灯,我们就离开了黑暗并且更加崇拜科技了;牛顿因为树上掉下来的一个苹果,发现了万有引力定律,又让科技创新向前迈进了一大步。
科技好玩,至少包含着这样几层意思,一是科技本身,支配宇宙的自然规律是充满魅力的;其二,探索科技的过程,揭示自然规律的过程也是趣味无穷的。其三,科学一旦与人生碰撞,在科技与人类社会发生的关系——无论是正面与反面,也是趣味横生的。
科技无处不在,科技让人类无比自豪!
科技对于我们是多么重要啊,假如有一天,没有了电,人们将继续生活在黑暗中;没有了煤气、石油,那人们岂不是还要吃生的东西或钻木取火,继续用生畜拉车;没有了手机和电脑,人们是不是还用飞鸽传书……
由此看来,我们的衣食住行一刻都离不开科技的贡献,相信我们身边的每个人也在时时刻刻的对科技的发展以自己的方式探索着,贡献着……我虽然顽皮,但也着实体验了一把科技的滋味:我把一些苏打粉放进被子里,然后加上白醋,这时“火山爆发”了!马上,白醋冒起了洁白的泡泡。
科学技术的日新月异,使得科学不只为尖端技术服务,也越来越多地渗透到我们的日常生活之中,这就需要正处于青少年时代的我们热爱科学,学习科学。我曾参加省级科技创新发明活动比赛,荣获二等奖的好成绩,也曾参加市级的科技创新发明活动比赛,也获得了三等奖,这些成绩和老师的辛勤培育是离不开的。参加科技比赛、阅读科技书籍,使我明白了许多道理。精密的机器人,不用燃料的汽车,虚拟的足球赛,高科技信息的传送等等,一个个生动有趣的现象,越来越激起了我探索科学的愿望。我们每个人都要学习科学,传播文明,在享受新生活的同时,更要创造新生活。如今,科技产品的更新换代不断加快,可视电视、电脑上网、心脏起搏器,已经不算新鲜了。从1901年发明的真空吸尘器,到人造地球卫星、载人宇宙飞船,科技在不同领域里显示出了强大的力量。电子产业、通讯技术的日益普及,纳米技术、超导材料的广泛应用,不久的一天,也许就在你的餐桌上,会出现像太空青椒、人造牛排等生物工程食品。学习科学技术,不仅仅是为了成为科学家,也是为了能适应生活,更为了能成为新世纪的主人,担起新世纪,为国家建设,为人类文明做出贡献。
新中国成立以来,我国的科技发展突飞猛进,人工合成胰岛素、断手再植、杂交水稻、爆炸原子弹和氢弹、发射人造卫星和飞船等等,这些令世人瞩目的科技成就,大大缩短了我国和先进国家的科学技术的差距,为我国的现代化建设注入了活力。***爷爷说“科学技术是第一生产力”,的确如此,科学为我们祖国的腾飞插上了翅膀。***主席曾对青年说,世界是你们的,也是我们的,但归根结底是你们的。这句话,饱含了长辈们对我们的殷切期望。如果说长辈们用辛勤的劳动建设了20世纪的祖国。
科技需要创新,如果没有创新精神,那么社会就无法进步。我们应该深刻认识到科技创新的重要性,肩负起科技创新的重担。
1. Nancy is too young to dress herself.
Nancy is not _____ _____ to dress herself.
2. My watch doesn't work well.
There is ____ _____ _______ my watch.
3. Jane doesn't go to work by bus any longer.
Jane ____ _____ _____ to work by bus.
4. It took Mary two weeks to prepare for the exam.
Mary _____two weeks____ ______ for the exam.
5. It seems that they have known each other.
They seem to _____ _____ each other.
6. "My grandpa doesn't like coffee or coke" said Bob
Bob said that _____grandpa liked _____coffee _____coke.
7. Cao Fei joined the League three years ago.
Cao Fei _____ ____ _____ the League for three years.
8. I prefer walking there to going by bus.
I prefer to walk there ____ _____ going by bus.
9. -Thank you very much. -You're welcome.
- ____ a lot. -Not at____ .
10. Kitty does well in English.
Kitty ____ ____ ____ English.
11. They realized Hainan was a beautiful place after they reached there.
They____ realize Hainan was a beautiful place_____ they reached there.
12. We will have to finish the work hardly if you don't help us. We can't finish the work _____ _____ ______
13. My dictionary isn't so thick as yours.
My dictionary is _____ than yours.
14. Could you tell me where the East Street Hospital is? Excuse me, ____ is the _____ to the East Street Hospital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heavy traffic _____ them from _____ the train.
20. My brother has been away from home for two days.
My brother _____ home two days _____ .
21. Li Lei decided to move to Canada when he was thirty.
Li Lei made a _____ to move to Canada at the _____ of thirty.
22. Jim was too careless to pass the exam last term.
Jim was not_____ _____ to pass the exam last term.
23. If you don't hurry up, you can't catch the train.
Hurry up, _____ you may _____ the train.
24. Yang Li wei said to us, "I'm going to visit your school tomorrow. " We were all pleased.
We were all pleased when we heard Yang Li wei_____ visit_____ school the next day.
25. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. I have ____seen _____ an interesting film before.
26. I was late for school because of the traffic accident. The traffic accident _____ me _____ getting to school on time.
20xx年中央“1号文件”明确指出“中国要强,农业必须强、做强农业,要注重农业科技创新”。对于农业科技来说,资金投入是关键,金融在其中发挥着举足轻重的作用,对于农业科技创新、农业科技推广有着重要的意义和影响。保定市作为河北省乃至全国的农业大市,当前在金融支持农业科技创新方而还存在诸多不足,因此,建立完善一整套农业科技创新金融支持体系对促进_者的完美融合,具有十分重要的理论和实践意义。
一、保定市金融支持农业科技创新存在的问题
(一从金融支持农业科技发展的政策环境来看,财政投入总量不足,未形成整体合力
1,农业科技创新财政投入总量不足。近年来,虽然保定市不断加大对农业科技的投入特别是财政投入,增幅较大,但重点投向是农村水电、路网等基础性设施建设、民生工程、农业生产补贴等方而,用于科技研发和科技创新的投入仍然低于全国平均水平。
2,金融支持农业科技创新未形成整体合力,配套建设有待完善。当前,金融机构与农业科技部门之间缺乏信息共享和支农共建平台,这就造成了金融机构与农业科技部门联系较少、交流不便、沟通不畅等现象。金融机构对于农业科技的发展现状与前景,农业科技企业的性质与经营风险知之甚少。同时,农业科技部门对金融机构资金投入的管理制度也不甚了解。导致这些部门与金融机构衔接少、配合少,影响了金融支持农业科技创新的深度和广度。
(二从银行信贷支持力度看,政策性金融门槛高,商业性金融放贷谨慎,金融产品创新不足
1、针对农业科技的政策性金融贷款条件高、要求严、程序繁琐。农业发展银行作为中国唯一的农业政策性金融机构,虽然将贷款投放重点放在了农业科技领域,但对贷款对象要求严,贷款条件要求高。基本采用商业贷款管理办法,要求满足各种抵押条件,并需通过农业发展银行和农业科技部门的共同审批,以及上报二级以上分行再进行评审,程序繁琐。
2、针对农业科技商业性金融贷款发放态度谨慎、条件严格。资金投入大、运营周期长、收益回收慢是农业科技创新的显著特点,因此其信贷风险比较高。商业银行为了规避风险,在处理农业科技创新的贷款时,特别是对小微型农业科技创新企业的贷款尤为谨慎,条件要求也较为严格。不仅要求其提供厂房、土地作为抵押,有的还需要含有***房产。特别是对于民营农业科技企业来说,不但要求企业信用等级至少达到A级,而且法人夫妻双方要承担连带责任。对于大多数小微企业来说,要想达到如此高的条件甚为困难。
二、构建提高保定市农业科技创新能力金融支持体系的设本目 构建提高保定市农业科技能力的金融支持体系应该包括投融资体系、风险保障体系、信用担保体系、金融信息咨询体系四个相互联系又各有侧重的子系统,其中投融资体系是整个金融支持体系的核心,风险保障、信用担保和金融信息咨询是必不可少的支撑体系,直接为农业科技创新活动及投融资活动提供服务,可以有效降低或分散农业科技创新的风险。健全的金融体系,使资金供应者和资金需要者能自由参加交易,为资金融通提供方便条件,也有利于引导资金流向最有利的部门。
三、构建保定市农业科技创新金融支持体系政策建议
(一推动农业科技创新协同机制建设,夯实金融支持基础
1、从政策支持上,建立社会各界广泛参与的农业科技创新体系。政府、涉农大中专院校及科研机构、企业等不同主体应充分发挥各自在农业科技创新中的作用,对创新协同机制进行积极推动,探索由社会广泛参与的创新体系。政府应在各个部门或机构之间发挥协调作用,为农业科技创新企业提供良好的融资环境。对农业科技创新的金融支持,应更多的关注于涉农产品的知识产权保护,建立创新交流平台,制定农产品交易规范、创新优惠政策等方面。
2、从财政资金投放上,注重发挥财政资金的示范作用。对农业科技的创新应该有针对性、有重点性,对于具有广阔市场前景和市场价值的创新项目进行重点支持,市政府应该在财力能够承受的情况下,运用偿还性资助、创业投资引导、担保、贴息、保费补贴、税收优惠等多种方式,鼓励和带动社会资本广泛参与农业科技创新。
3、从风险分担与风险补偿机制构建上,政府应发挥引领作用。政府应发挥自身优势,在创建贷款风险分担机制、贷款奖励机制等方面发挥领头羊的作用,以吸引更多的金融资本、民间资本进入,并可设置创业投资基金、风险补偿基金等,促进企业的农业科技创新成果快速转化。
(二加快构建多元化、多层次、多渠道的农业科技投融资体系
1、促进政策性金融和商业性金融的支农力度。一是最大限度发挥政策性金融的引导功能。在充分考虑贷款风险并建立预警机制的前提下,农业发展银行应对农业科技贷款管理制度做适当改革,如放宽条件、简化程序、延长期限、充分发挥政策性金融对农业科技创新研究与发展的引导功能;二是鼓励商业性金融机构创新农村金融产品和服务。鼓励商业性金融机构根据农业科技企业的实际情况与特点,创新农村金融产品和服务,改革信贷管理制度。如质押物,除传统的质押物外,可以考虑将农业科技企业的股权、专利权、商标权、订单等“软件”作为质押物,也可以考虑将土地承包经营权、固定资产、水域滩涂使用权等“硬件”作为质押物。
2、创新农业科技企业融资模式,开辟多元化的融资渠道。除金融机构贷款外,农业科技企业还应积极拓宽融资渠道,充分发挥融资券、票据等融资工具的作用,发展农业直接融资。同时,创新融资渠道,灵活运用“银行加保险”、“银行加担保”、“银行加保险再加财政补贴”等多种融资模式,并将其相互配合。同时,还应注重发挥社会资金的作用,支持各级政府设立投资基金,增加对农业高科技企业的资金投入,特别是向处于初创期的企业增加投资。还可以银行等金融机构发行专项金融债券,鼓励企业在证券市场上市融资,并对已上市企业给予税收优惠,鼓励其农业科技创新的积极性。
(三完善农业科技创新金融支持的支撑体系
1、完善农业科技信贷风险补偿机制,发挥保险在农业科技创新中的保障及风险分担作用。一是加快农业保险的产品创新。保险公司应结合农业科技创新的实际特点,创新保险产品。如育苗、品种改良、机械设备、标准化养殖等都作为保险产品,纳入农业保险范围。同时,可将跟单农业等发展为新的保险品种;二是完善、加大财政对农业保险的补贴措施。为增强保险公司的抗风险能力,加强其提供保险的积极性,各级财政可以建立有效的补偿机制,加大补贴力度和补贴比例。
2,探索“大数据十信用担保”模式,构建基于大数据的农村金融信用担保体系。在移动互联的背景下,利用大数据,发展信用担保。信用担保具有资金“放大”和“管杆”功能,在支持农业科技创新中发挥着重要作用。鼓励开展“三农”融资担保业务,大力发展政府支持的“三农”融资担保和再担保机构,完善银担合作机制。
非谓语动词系列训练(二)
一:在句子意思不变的情况下用分词或不定式改写下列句子:
1.When he saw from the top of the mountain, he viewed a beautiful city.
-----___________from the top of the mountain, he viewed a beautiful city.(用分词
2.When it was seen from the of the mountain, the city looks like a garden. (用分词 ------_____________from the of the mountain, the city looks like a garden. city. (用分词
3.When he was asked why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.
-------When ________ why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. (用分词
4. Do you know the boy who knows Japanese?
----- Do you know the boy ___________ Japanese? (用分词
5. Do you know the boy who is called Tom.
---- Do you know the boy ________Tom.- (用分词
6. This is the man who organized the activity.
This is the man________________ the activity. (用分词
7. He followed his students and came in.
------ He came in, ____________ his students(用分词
8. He came in and was followed by his students
----- He came in ,____________by his students(用分词
9.The woman who was dressed in a blue skirt delivered a speech to us.
---- The woman _____________ in a blue skirt delivered a speech to us. (用分词
10. Because he is a physicist, he could well explained how to do the research.
---- _______ a physicist, he could well explained how to do the research. (用分词
11. He was born on the 18th of January, 1979 in Taiwan, and he was raised by his mother and was shy and quiet during his childhood.
----- ____________on the 18th of January, 1979 in Taiwan, and he was raised by his mother and was shy and quiet during his childhood. (用分词
12. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless it is watered every day.
---The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____________ every day. (用分词
13.When we were walking dogs, we came across a famous professor.
------ When ____________ dogs, we came across a famous professor. (用分词
14. He donated over 10 billion dollars in order that he could sponsor education, culture, sports, and public welfare in the earth-stricken area.
----- He donated over 10 billion dollars _____________education, culture, sports, and public welfare in the earth-stricken area.(用不定式
15 After he had finished his homework, he played the piano.
----- ____________ his homework, he played the piano.
16. After the bridge had been completed, it went through a hard time because of the bad weather.
----______________________, it went through a hard time because of the bad weather.
17 It is said that Bell invented the telephone.
18. Bell is said __________ the telephone. (用不定式
19. I don’t decide what I should do.
I don’t decide what__________(用不定式
20. It happened that he had been invited
---- He happened _____________
21.He was so young that he could not go to school. He was too young __________ to school.
22. When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
----- The test __________, we began our holiday.(用独立主格结构
23. As time goes by ,he becoms aware of it.
With time ________ by, he becomes aware of the significant of it.
24. The moon, which travels round the earth once every month, is a natural satellite of the earth.
---- The moon, ___________ round the earth once every month, is a natural satellite of the earth.
25. Though he had been told several times, he didn’t understand me.
-----_______ several times, he didn’t understand me.
26. After the problem was solved,he took a rest.
----With the problem ____________, he took a rest.
27. If time permits, we will
28.He lay there, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
---He lay there, his hand_______, his eyes looking straight up
29.I once read a book called Man, Woman and Child, which enabled me to understand the love in a family.
------I once read a book called Man, Woman and Child, ______________ me to understand the love in a family. (用分词
30.There are many places of interest, among which is the Yunji mountain,whose scenery is very beautiful, which attracts lots of tourists from different places every year.
------There are many places of interest, among which is the Yunji mountain,whose scenery is very beautiful, ____________ lots of tourists from different places every year. (用分词
二:非谓语动词完成句子练习
there was no doctor available. (only
, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park? (spend
. (think
包括三名儿童). (child
5. 根据他的话判断), he did well in his exam. (judge
the Tang Dynasty. (date
7. This is an article (由五部分组成)five parts. (consist
five parts.(make
as soon as possible. (solve
bored a lot of fans to death. (concern
, l cannot object to your marriage. (concern
子)at school? (keep)
(躲在木箱里)behind the door. (hide
,we had to walk home last night. (be.
in the broad daylight yesterday. (rob
(满是脚印). (mark
(石油价格上涨), the economy of that country is slowing down. (go
18. When the national flag is being hoisted, all the students stand at attention, . (fix
him, I decided to write again. (hear
20. He doesn’t seem to mind by others. (make
next week is of great importance. (hold
is very important. (hold
is of great importance. (hold
the Third World. (belong
(致力于研究), the professor paid little attention to his surroundings. (devote
in the morning. (come
(为了确保那孩子尽快康复),five doctors took turns looking after him day and night. (ensure
,the old man struggled to his feet. (help
, the parents were taken to the dining room. (show)
(.support)
. (drop)
, I am not familiar with this kill. (tell
(为了不被注意)by others . (notice
三:合并下列句子
1. The annual school sports meeting was held yesterday. It presented a marvelous opening ceremony.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. After the opening ceremony, we sat in the base of our class. We waited patiently for the beginning of the race.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Some of my classmates work very hard, and they hope to fulfill their dream. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4..My friend Christine took part in the 800-meter race. She had received training many times, so she kept calm before the race. After 400 meters, though she looked tired, she still tried her best to run. We screamed and beat the drum when we saw she passed by. She won the medal, and we were proud of it. (把短文中的从句或并列句改成非谓语动词
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
四:语篇填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。(一)
Freud was one of the first scientists [1]_________(make)serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities [2]_________(base) in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason. He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams [3]___________(search) for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠. He wanted to see if [4]________(put)patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease
[5]________(trouble) minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary. Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved [6]________ (sit with his patients and [7]________(listen)to them talk. He had them [8]________(talk)about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to
[9]___________(express). There could be no[10]________(hold)back because of fear or guilt. 基础写作 :最近,你就读的学校——广东实验中学高中部将举办开放日。 你将作为学校的
学生代表向前来参观的英语老师介绍高中校区的基本情况,请准备好你的解说词,文章的开头和结尾已为你写好。(学会用非谓语动词表达)
?位置交通:位于广州市西部,荔湾区;出行便利,步行到地铁站约10分钟。 ?学校历史:逾120年的悠久历史;现高中校区于2004年 竣工并投入使用。 ?校园环境:占地面积约125,000平方米;植物繁茂,绿树成荫,环境优美。 ?校园设施:课室宽敞明亮,配备齐全;拥有标准运动 设施,
其中综合体育馆可用于举办比赛、会议和典礼。
?师生情况:目前学生约3000人,教师约200人;全体师生正在
为学校更美好的明天共同奋斗。
?【写作要求】
?只能用5个句子表达全部内容。?【评分标准】 ?句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。
Good morning, teachers! Welcome to Guangdong Experimental High School!.....
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非谓语动词练习答案
1.Seeing 2.Seen (原句有误,请改成When it was seen from the top of the mountain,the city is beautiful (用分词 3. asked 4. knowing 5. called 6. organizing 7. following 8. followed 9. dressed 10. Being 11. Born 12. watered 13. walking 14. to sponsor 15. Having finished 16. Having been completed 17 18.. to have invented
19.to do 20. to have been invited 21. to go 22 finished 23. going 24. travelling 25. Having been toldTold 26. solved 27.permitting 28. clenched 29.enabling 30. attracting
二:非谓语动词完成句子练习
Keys:
1. only to be told (that 2. to spend your spare/free time
3. thinking about 4. including three children/ three children included
5. Judging from / by his words/what he said
6. dating back to/from (which dates back to/from
7. consisting of / which consists of
8. made up of/which is made up of 9. to solve the problem
10. concerning the football match 11. As/So far as I am concerned
12. (in keeping five children 13. hidden in a wooden box
14. There being no bus 15. to have been robbed
16. Seen from the top of 17. Seeing from the top of
18. To see 19. marked with footprints
20. the price of oil going up 21. fixed on/upon the national flag
22. with (both his hands tied 23. Not having heard from
24. (his being made fun of 25. to be held
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