1。hereby
该词意为by means of , by reason of this, by this agreement,“特此”,“因此”,“兹”,“在此”。此词常用作法律、经贸文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语,在合同条款中需特别强调时也可用,表示当事人借此合约,要宣示某种具有法律效力的“意思表示”,如保证、同意、放弃权利等,一般放于主语后,紧邻主语。如:The Company hereby covenants and warrants that…… 意为:By this agreement the Company covenants and warrants that……即:公司在此保证……再如:Both parties hereby agree that……意为:By this agreement both parties agree that……即:双方当事人在此同意……
2。hereof
该词意为:of this agreement,“关于此点”;“在本文件中”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:to take effect on the date hereof 意为:to take effect on the date of this agreement 即:于本合约之日期生效。再如:the headings of the sections hereof 意为:the headings of the sections of this agreement 即:本合约各条款之标题。
3。hereto
该词意为:to this agreement,“至此”,“在此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的`名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:both parties hereto 意为both parties to this agreement,即本合约之当事人双方;items specified in Attachment I and hereto 意为:items specified in Attachment I to this agreement 即:本合约之附件I所列之各项。
4。herein
该词意为:in this agreement,“此中”,“于此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的……,本法(中)的……”等,一般置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词。如:to file a suit in the court agreed to herein 意为:to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 即:向当事人于本合约中同意管辖的法院提起诉讼;再如:to follow the terms and conditions herein 意为:to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement,即:遵守本合约所规定的条件。
5。hereinafter
该词意为:later in the same Contract,“以下”,“在下文”,一般与to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用,以避免重复。
6。hereunder
该词意为:under this agreement,“在本合约内”、“依据本合约”。如:obligations hereunder,意为obligations under this agreement,即“本合约内的义务”。再如:rights granted hereunder,意为rights granted under this agreement,即“依本合约所赋予的权利”。
1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
Elephant is the largest animal on land today. It weights some ninety kilograms and is about one metre high when born.
When it is 12 years old, it studs over three meters and does not grow any more. Elephant is usually grey in color, having a long trunk with large ivory tusks protruding from each side of its mouth. Usually moving in groups and caring for each other, Elephant is know to be a very and gentle creamre. For many years people have used the strength of these poweful animals to move trees and heavy logs. Elephant has been and is a vital tool for people to do many things that would normally be imposs-ible.
Elephant is and will continue to be one of the greatest creatures man has ever come into contact with. Its size. beauty, and power willforever be useful to man.
我最喜欢的小动物有很多,燕子、小狗、小兔子、小松鼠……这其中,要数我最喜欢的那就是小猫了,说起小猫来,我家也有一只,那么我就来讲讲我和小猫的故事吧。
那只小猫的毛软软的,滑滑的,头上还有好看的花纹,所以,我给它取名为花花花花的胡子很长,有一次我拿爸爸的刮胡刀去给花花刮胡子。妈妈说:花花的胡子不能刮,因为在很暗的地方,她能微微的抽动胡须,才能量出来道路的宽度。哇,原来它的胡子还有这么大的作用啊!我说。
花花非常爱干净,它拉便便也要去上厕所,一个便盆里放了很多煤渣,它每次拉完便便的时候都要用煤渣把便便埋起来。
花花是我的好朋友,每次我有零食都给它分一点,我穿袜子它就在我的脚上蹭来蹭去,我和它一起晒太阳,跟它一起说悄悄话。
这就是我最喜欢的小动物——花花。
There are a lot of my favorite small animals, swallows, puppies, rabbits, squirrels... Of which, the number I like most is the cat, talking about the kitten and my family, so I'll tell about the story of my cat and my cat.
The cat's fur is soft, slippery, and beautiful pattern on the head, so I gave it a name flower flower beard, once I took the razor to shave flower dad. Mother said: the flower mustache can not be shaved, because in a very dark place, she can gently tap the beard, to measure the width of the road. Wow, it turns out that its beard has such a big effect! I said.
Huahua is very clean. It URLs and URLs and goes to the toilet. There are lots of cinders in a bedpan. Every time it pulls out, it uses coal cinder to bury the toilet.
Huahua is a good friend of mine. Every time I have snacks, I want to share it with you. When I wear socks, it will rub on my feet. I will share the sun with them and talk quietly with them.
This is my favorite little animal - flower flower.
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