为什么有的作文要采用用口来代笔的形式呢?这样做有什么好处?
首先,因为作文的基础是说话,要写好先要说好。虽然许多人写文章,并不一定一边写一边口上说着,但是他们在心中还是默默地在说。小学生刚刚学写作文,在还不习惯于心中默默说的时候,先练练口头响亮说,有利于认识到说话与作文的关系,可以打消对作文的害怕心理。因为说毕竟比写容易。
第二,练口头作文有益于养成从说到写的习惯,如以后把口头说改成心里说,作文水平就会大大提高。
第三,口头作文还有助于培养学生当众说话的能力。说话是口头交际能力的体现,十分重要。口头作文的训练.也就是口语交际能力训练的一部分。
第四,口头作文还丰富了作文训练的形式,容易激发儿童的练习兴趣。
口头作文的训练要求不可太高,要由短到长,由浅人深,由简单到复杂。特别要注意记住表达时的要点和次序,这样才能说得有条不紊。牢记口述要点和顺序一般可用以下四种方法:
一、总分口述法。从整体人手,先说带有总括性的话,然后分别抓住各部分的具体情况,逐一进行口述。如观察一只小花猫的口头作文,可先总说这是一只活泼、可爱的小花猫,然后分别从几方面口述它是怎样活泼、可爱的。
二、要素口述法。抓住时间、地点、人物、事件这四个要素进行口述。这种方法一般适用于叙事性的口头作文。如《说一件有趣的事》,可以抓住什么时间,什么地点,什么人物,发生了一件怎样有趣的事情等方面进行口述。
三、方位口述法。根据事物的`方位顺序进行口述。这种方法一般适用于有关环境及建筑一类的口头作文。如《我的住处》《校园一角》《村口石桥》等,都可以抓住前、后、左、右、上、下、内、外等表示方位的词语进行有顺序的口述。
四、设问口述法。这是一种自己提出问题,自己进行回答的口述方法。这种方法,一般适用于说明性的口头作文。如《说说怎样使用毛笔》,就可以抓住毛笔的特点及使用方法,进行自问自答。
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If I were a boy again, I would practice perseverance more often, and never give up a thing because it was or inconvenient. If we want light, we must conquer darkness. Perseverance can sometimes equal genius in its results. There are only two creatures, says a proverb, Who can surmount the pyramids — the eagle and the snail.
If I were a boy again, I would school myself into a habit of attention; I would let nothing come between me and the subject in hand. I would remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.
The habit of attention becomes part of our life, if we begin early enough. I often hear grown up people say, I could not fix my attention on the sermon or book, although I wished to do so, and the reason is, the habit was not formed in youth.
If I were to live my life over again, I would pay more attention to the cultivation of the memory. I would strengthen that faculty by every possible means, and on every possible occasion. It takes a little hard work at first to remember things accurately; but memory soon helps itself, and gives very little trouble. It only needs early cultivation to become a power.
If I were a boy again, I would school myself into a habit of attention; I would let nothing come between me and the subject in hand. I would remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.
The habit of attention becomes part of our life, if we begin early enough. I often hear grown up people say, I could not fix my attention on the sermon or book, although I wished to do so, and the reason is, the habit was not formed in youth.
If I were to live my life over again, I would pay more attention to the cultivation of the memory. I would strengthen that faculty by every possible means, and on every possible occasion. It takes a little hard work at first to remember things accurately; but memory soon helps itself, and gives very little trouble. It only needs early cultivation to become a power.
If I were a boy again, I would cultivate courage. Nothing is so mild and gentle as courage, nothing so cruel and pitiless as cowardice, says a wise author.
We too often borrow trouble, and anticipate that may never appear. The fear of ill exceeds the ill we fear. Dangers will arise in any career, but presence of mind will often conquer the worst of them. Be prepared for any fate, and there is no harm to be feared.
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