第一阶段开设“大学生职业生涯规划”必修课程。着重引导学生形成正确的职业生涯观念,进行科学自我认知、职业认知,在教师的指导下学会做职业生涯规划。职业生涯规划是一个不断完善修复的过程,需要指导教师连续跟踪指导,每学期进行课后指导,构建跟踪指导考核指标体系进行考核。考虑到各院系书记和辅导员主抓就业工作,可选拔教学能力强的学生管理工作者来讲授“职业生涯规划”课程,并直接进行包片包点的全程跟踪指导。
第二阶段开设“大学生职业素养提升”和“职业素质拓展训练”必修课程。指导一年级、二年级学生围绕职业生涯规划逐步提升职业素质和能力,分为职业素养和职业技能两部分进行训练培养。
第三阶段开设“大学生就业指导”必修课程。融合职业规划指导、专业技能提升和招聘模拟、应聘实战演练,切实提高学生的就业能力。结合大小型校园招聘会实行就业指导课教师包干制,分专业加强个性化就业指导。培养学生科学的求职方法和择业理念,努力实现理论与实训相结合、模拟演练与企业招聘相结合。
首先,进行创新创业教育通识课程的规划设计。拟定培养方案,制定教学大纲,通过就业指导课、创业教育通识课、专业创新创业实践课、创新创业讲座、创业大赛等形式,加强大学生的创新创业教育,培养大学生的创新创业意识,提升大学生的创新创业能力。积极参加各类学科竞赛和创业大赛,提高学生的创新意识,提升学生的创新创业能力,
其次,加快创新创业孵化。以专业为依托,以产学研为基础,整合全校各专业的创新创业人才,整合各学院的学生竞赛项目,努力孵化科技文化项目,充分利用创新学分和优惠政策,培养学生的创新意识和创业能力,引领大学生积极进行创新创业。
低于结束语一至二行,从信纸中间偏右的地方开始,在结束语的正下方,在签完名字的下面还要有用打字机打出的名字,以便识别。职务、职称可打在名字的下面。当然,写给亲朋好友的信,就不必再打了。
当前,地方师范院校纷纷进行办学方向的战略调整,向应用型综合性发展,大量开设非师范专业,非师范类学生规模在高师院校中占有越来越大的比例。因而,解决师范和非师范生就业问题,尤其需要在人才培养的环节中重新审视和定位就业指导的功能[2]。大庆师范学院采取分类教育指导的办法,在师范生和非师范生的就业能力培养中始终坚持“一个理念、两套体系”的模式。
(一)一个理念:全面关怀学生个人成长,全程指导职业发展
充分发挥育学、心理学和思想教育等学科优势,积极借鉴国内外先进,将“大学生职业生涯规划发展教育”运用到实际工作中去,并将“全程化”、“个性化”国际职业教育的先进理念融入其中,打破原先仅针对毕业生开展职业规划教育工作的界限,提出“全程指导职业发展”的新理念,把“学生成长”和“职业发展”纳入就业工作范畴。整合学校各方资源,建立保障机构,将全程指导职业发展的理念落到实处。
(二)两套体系:职业技能成长体系和职业素质养成体系
1.建立职业技能成长体系。坚持专业理论教学,为提高学生的综合素质服务,为培养学生具有独立分析和解决实际问题的能力服务,为实践教学服务,为职业技能成长服务。加大课内课外教学资源的整合与优化,分层次、有重点、有目标、优化学生职业技能成长体系,实践能力培养贯穿相关专业四年学程不断线,将学校教育、职业技能实训、社会实践紧密结合,将企事业用人单位对人才素质的要求引入教学体系,做到职业技能训练进学校、进企业、进社区。结合实验教学、课程设计、毕业论文(设计)、学科竞赛等实践教学环节,构建实训与实习相结合、通用职业能力与专业职业能力培养相结合、校内与校外相结合,覆盖学生学习全程的职业技能成长体系。
2.建立职业素质养成体系。在入学之初,侧重于通过开展职业启蒙教育,结合专业特点,协助学生形成职业理想,开展初步职业规划,在大学学习过程中重在加强职业测评和职业素养提升、职业素养拓展训练,帮助学生提高专业素养和能力,在高年级阶段重在实施岗位成才,在求职技巧的训练、就业政策及就业信息指导的基础上,通过校内外的招聘会、创新创业平台、岗位实训,教授学生必要的职业能力和素质,关注学生的心理和思想教育,帮助学生在实践中获得成长。
其中在一般的社交信中,信内收信人的地址通常省略,但是在公务信函中不能。将收信人的姓名、地址等写在信头日期下方的左角上,要求与对信头的要求一样,不必再写日期。例如:
yesterday i read a book the name of the book is《dr bethune》.
dr bethune was a famous doctor from canada. in 1938 he came to china. at that time china was at war with japan. he worked as a doctor in the chinese army and saved many soldiers’ lives. he worked very hard and became sick. dr bethune died in 1939. he was only 49 years old. he was a good man and we remember him today.
i think the book is very very good!
written by wu qingxiang
mar. 31
how to do research
——reading after a science paper
these days i am busy preparing my dissertation which is about web usage mining . i read some english papers and learnt much from them . and now i want to say something about a paper titled “web usage mining:discovery and applications of usage patterns from web data”.
this is the first english paper i read about dissertation and gave me great help .
this paper is a review about web usage mining. it introduced web usage mining in detail . although it is a little old for it was published in its contents are very useful today . it is organized according to the sequence of web usage mining and the six main parts are introduction which tells me what is web usage mining the sources and abstraction of web data the three steps of web usage mining taxonomy and project survey websift overview privacy issues . the third and fourth parts are most important . it had a list of existing project about web usage mining which i saw many times in other papers but this paper is the one creating this list . besides it has been referred for more then twenty times . as we all know that the higher the referred number is the more important the paper is so i consider this paper to be an important and successful one in this region.
in my opinion the success of this paper dues to three reasons . the first reason is the profound computer knowledge owned by the authors . web usage mining relates to many subjects such as artificial intelligence ontology semantic analysis but the most basic knowledge is computer science . the four authors are all professors of department of computer science and engineering in university of minnesota . for myself i am not major in computer science and i am not very good at computers so i feel a little difficult to understand technologies used in this region.
second they had read a large number of papers before they wrote this paper . there are fifty nine references listed after main contents . “stand on the shoulders of giants” this sentence tell us a truth : one can never successful all by oneself . and what’s more learn from others can save a lot of time and energy especially for us new learner . how to learn from others is a skill all of us should master but learning doesn’t mean copy or plagiary . other people’s knowledge and production is just our foundation upon this foundation we must have our own thoughts and creation. there are many remarks in this paper where referred other’s production.
third the authors had the experience of developing a web usage mining project . they don’t just engage in idle theorizing so their comprehension on this issue is greatly profound. they know what we may meet in a real project development and they know how to resolve them . after reading this paper i also read some other papers written in chinese . some of them are not based on real project and can not give useful resolution . websift is the name of system they developed which can be used to data mining and analysis .
i wrote this article not only because it gave me much help in preparing my dissertation but also because it tells me how to study and how to do research . honesty and preciseness are two essential making a researcher must have . hard-working is the necessary condition leading to success . this is just the beginning of my dissertation i should learn from these four authors both their knowledge and their attitude to study.
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