1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
我喜欢看书和画画,因为这两个爱好能带给我很多快乐。看书能让我在知识的海洋中遨游,让我不断的获得知识的力量;而画画可让我在纸上尽情地抒发自己的心情,调节紧张的神经,化解愤怒与忧愁。
对我来说,画画是心情的缓和剂。记得有一次我和同学吵了架,心里一直闷闷不乐,放学回家后也无心思做作业,看书也看不进。这时我想到了画画,我找来纸笔,画什么呢?我想了想画一幅“草原美景”。画好后我就自我欣赏起来,看着宽阔坦荡的大草原,心里就有了一种身临其境的感觉,心情一下也就好了起来。
但是,我最喜欢的还是看书。在我的书柜中,科普类书籍就占了一大半,因为我最喜欢学科普知识,其次才是文学。看书可以学得不少知识,也是我用来打发无聊的好方法。记得有一次我在书本上看到,为何彩虹总是在雨后天晴时才出现的答案后,读过二年级的我那时才明白。原来彩虹是由于太阳光照射在还未散去的细小的水滴上,所发生的折射而形成的。并非是我先前知道的彩虹是一座真正的七彩大桥,这就让我增加了新的科学知识。我不仅爱看书,也喜欢把学到的知识讲给同学们听,让大家分享知识。为了学习更多的知识,我和同学交换自己的藏书,到图书室借书。
看书丶画画是我的兴趣和爱好,它确实能带给我快乐,给我知识的力量,丰富我的文化生活,希望同学的你也能爱上它。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
我的兴趣爱好是四阶魔方。
自从我学会了三阶魔方,老爸就变成了“魔方疯子”,不停地教我二阶、四阶和五阶魔方。
一开始我是不怎么想学,再加上老爸每回教我时我几乎都在看电脑,这样一来,我就更没有兴趣了。终于有一次,我破天荒第一次把电脑关了,老老实实学。老爸说三阶和四阶其实一样的,只不过多了几块而已。他还说,四阶魔方的中心块是固定的,但是打乱后中心块就乱了,所以一定要记住哪一面对着哪一面,接着教我对中心块。
我一开始觉得对中心块很难,要一个小时才能把六个中心块转好。然后就觉得好难啊,不想学了,然后就哭(说我是爱哭鬼没意见)。老爸说:“你就是哭着也要把它学会,周子涵不会退缩!”我听了他的话,每天中午放学回家练习。终于有一天,对中心块对我来说简直易如反掌了。接着老爸就教我对边上两条。这个公式我学了3分钟就会背了,问题是,有一个特殊情况,运气不好的时候会出现。特殊情况当然有特殊公式,可我看着那公式死背也背不下来,然后,我又哭了。最后只好让老爸帮我搞。
前面两部转完以后,后面就舒服多了,因为后面全是按照三阶魔方的公式转的。问题又来了,四阶和三阶还是有不同的。按照三阶玩的时候,有时会出现两个特殊情况。这第一个特殊情况的公式很长,很难背,第二个短,而且还有规律,很好背。我那个很长的公式背了足足两天,还是没背下来,我又哭了。
某星期的周日早上,我起床后看到床边的魔方和公式,脑子里突然冒出一个念头:嘿!我就不信我背不下来!我一行一行慢慢看,一行一行慢慢背,背不下来或背错时,还要哭。三个小时后,我终于背下来了。
现在,当我书不想看,作业不想写的时候,我会玩一下四阶魔方,稍微放松一下。
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