“我的脑海中,进行着一场葬礼,悼念者络绎不绝,不停的走着,踩踏着直到仪式的氛围渐浓。当所有人入座仪式开始,敲鼓的声音沉重有力,敲打着,敲打着直到我的意识变得麻木”美国十九世纪著名女诗人艾米莉·迪金森通过来诠释抑郁,抑郁,似乎是每个人与生俱来,不愿启齿的秘密。
作家安德鲁在这次演讲中说,在患上抑郁症之前,他是坚信自己即使身处集中营,也是那种存活下来的坚强的人。但是,在经历母亲去世,爱情总结的一系列悲伤之后,他突然对所有的一切人与事失去了兴趣。抑郁的反面,并非快乐,而是活力。
抑郁不等同于悲伤,悲伤是在伤心难过之后,日子还是可以正常地过下去,时间可以治愈悲伤。但抑郁不是,它是持续的莫名的悲伤,生活失去了意义,似乎没有终结的尽头。安德鲁形容他感觉那段时间从身体中慢慢消失,所有需要完成的事情,都让感觉麻烦,包括有时候该吃午饭了,他在想还得把食物拿出来并放到盘子里,得切开咀嚼、吞咽都像耶稣受难一样。
抑郁,像耶稣受难一样的感觉。听起来一切都显得如此荒谬,而人们却因此而忽略真正的事实,好像没什么大不了的.事情。“我们活在美好的时代,虽然有时候看起来很糟糕。”人们普遍认为抑郁离得很遥远,像是文化作品中的一个虚无飘渺的东西,但抑郁是人类天性,是每个人内心深处等待时机爆发的炸弹。我们的情绪陷入低谷却得不到正确的解决,我们莫名其妙地感伤却无人理解。无论多么强大的人,总有脆弱泪流的时刻,快乐并非与生俱来,所以人们渴求它并不断追寻。可抑郁的反面不是快乐,而是活力。没有活力,生命如同在进行一场葬礼。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
在最需要安慰的时候,却得到了冷嘲热讽。这是多么大的打击啊。 人之初,性本善。面对他人的不幸,就算我们素昧平生,我也会从心底感到悲伤。如果可以的`话,我希望每一个不幸者都能尽快地从悲痛中走出来,我愿送上一句最真挚的祝福,送给在不幸中迷茫的人。如果我们也像鼬鼠,兔子,梅花鹿一般冷漠,那么社会将会变成一个没有温暖的冰冷世界。面对他人的不幸,我们能给予的是我们的关怀和祝福,用我们的善良宽慰不幸者。穷者独善其身,达则兼善天下不就是这个道理吗? 社会上太多不幸的儿童。不幸的家庭,或是因为种种原因而不幸,但是他们一直在努力的生存。面对这些不幸者,如果我们伸出援助之手,做我们力所能及的事情,捐助一些在我们看来并不重要而他们却是很需要的物品。这难道不会让我们很宽慰吗? 我爸爸有一个不算很熟的朋友。上帝刚刚赐予了他一个儿子,这本是一件很幸福的事情,但是生活总伴随着不幸,刚出生的儿子被诊断心脏有些问题,必须动手术。而且手术的开销很大,他一下子就颓废了,平时家里也没攒下什么钱,一到用钱的时候却拿不出来。于是他四处求人借钱,不幸的时候会越来越不幸,平时他的那些朋友一听借钱,都找了各种借口搪塞。这不幸的人该怎么办呢?最需要安慰和援助的时候却遭到了无尽的冷漠。 当他找到我爸爸的时候,我爸爸还是尽力的挤出一些钱借给他,虽然不多,但是也能解决燃眉之急。那一刻,我从他眼里看到了不幸者从心底迸发出的感激和希望。 我顿时感慨万分,面对不幸者,我们应尽我们所能帮助他们,而不是用冷漠的目光对待他们。毕竟,人生的道路并不是一帆风顺的。我们总有遭遇不幸的时候,如果我们得到的是冷嘲热讽,我们会不会也和现在的不幸者一样绝望和迷茫呢? 想到了杜甫的一句话。
"安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜。风雨不动安如山。呜呼!何日眼前突兀见此屋,吾庐独破受冻死亦足!” 这是对不幸者多么大的宽慰和同情啊。希望社会上多一点关爱,少一点冷漠,对待他人的不幸,伸出援助之手,难道不是一件很让自己快乐的事吗?
在抑郁症患者当中,女性占了六成以上,与性激素有关。女性经期前后,***,产后,直至绝经这个生理周期,跟性激素有关,尤其是绝经的时候,低雌激素的状态特别容易引起抑郁。人们往往对肉体的疾病容易接受,但是对精神疾病就充满了一些底层的偏见,会觉得这些人是娇气,没事找事,矫情,甚至不愿意让别人知道自己有精神上的疾病,觉得他人会觉得自己是另类。所以他们有病以后更多的是不知道怎么样去求助,身边的人也不知道怎么样去帮助。还有些人,甚至会逃避去求助。
蔓玫患上抑郁症已经十几年了,她的病因是因为理想中的自己和现实中需要表现的自己有差距,所以很痛苦。抑郁有时候并不是有强烈的一种忧伤,而是像一个巨大的黑洞慢慢的吞没你。当然也有人会形容那是一条你怎么都甩不掉的黑狗。蔓玫生病的时候会失去语言的沟通能力,这个时候,只能用绘画的形式表达出来,她发现这也是觉察情绪的一种出口。后来,蔓玫在网上开设了一个公众号,把自己和抑郁相处的经过画下来,再配上文字,放到网上,让广大读者了解抑郁并且一起互动交流治疗疾病的心得体会。
写到这里的时候,我会想到在一念花开心理工作室和李老师学习曼陀罗绘画的那些时光,读书群里的朋友经常会在自己情绪失控的时候去画上一幅画,然后听李老师慢慢讲解,真的会有自我疗愈的神奇功能。
或许抑郁并没有那么可怕,只是,你需要找到属于自己的方法,并且一直去实践它。
文学编辑周墨西在产后三个月得了抑郁症,总是莫名想哭,感到生活无望,在网上看到了蔓玫的.图文后,墨西觉得同病相怜惺惺相惜,一下子遇到了同行者,就邀请蔓玫一起把平台上的所有文章进行编辑修改,然后出书。
这里面的一些与抑郁相爱相***进行搏奕的女性,通过各种形式的展现自己治疗疾病的过程,让更多人了解抑郁,明白对自我的宽容和关怀是治疗抑郁很重要的因素,以此来帮助在病痛中挣扎的人们。
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