写说明文也是要求有的放矢的。写什么、怎样写,要从读者的实际情况考虑,使文章具有针对性,切合读者的知识水平、职业特点和年龄大小。往往读者对象不同,写的角度也不同。如阐述吸烟有害的说明文很多,有的是针对老年人的,有的是对妇女而言的,的有是对青少年而言的,角度不同,说明的内容则各有侧重。《青少年吸烟害处大》这篇文章从青少年是国家的未来和希望的高度介绍吸烟对青少年的危害,突出分析青少年的生理特征,说明青少年接触毒性物质比成年人吸收快、排除慢、毒害大的情况,指出“吸烟对青少年是绝对有害而无一利的”。这样说明目的清楚,针对性强。
写说明文选取什么角度要依实际情况而定。比如,介绍牛的知识,如果是为饲养者写的,要侧重介绍牛的生活习惯和特性;如果是为使用者写的,要侧重介绍牛的功能和力气;如果是为兽医写的,则主要介绍它的身体构造;如果是为食用者写的,可以主要介绍它的营养价值。当然,作为科普知识介绍,不妨全面一点为好。
1.语言简明扼要,通俗易懂,避免夸张华丽的辞藻,要把真实的一面展现在读者面前。
2.说明时一定要把握一个中心主题。说明文中细枝末节较多,但不能喧宾夺主。
3.说明的次序非常重要。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚,脉络明晰。因此,练习时可以尝试不同的次序进行写作,找出最合理的一种。
4.由于说明文写实性较强,有时难免会让人感到没有生气。因此,可以适当使用一些比喻、拟人等修辞手段,来增加文章的色彩。
下面是一篇说明一所医院布局的\'文章。文章虽短,但需要说明的内容却达11处之多。平均一句话就要描写一处,如果组织得不好,便会给人凌乱的感觉。
英语有它自身的特点,在英语阅读中我们要根据它的语言结构特点,才能抓住阅读的重点。所以,教师在英语阅读教学中不但要给学生传授英语知识,而且还要培养学生掌握和学习英语知识的方式方法,让学生在阅读中学会总结、归纳,学会抓住关键段、句、词,也要引导学生对阅读资料进行全面的掌握和理解,帮助学生提高阅读质量。
Life has its ups and downs, and only true friends always stay around. Like anyone else, I have got many friends. They often help me when I’m in trouble. Especially, when I fail in an examination, they always care for me and encourage me to study harder. Last year, when I was hurt in a basketball game, my friends took me to the nearby hospital at once and look after me by turns. In my eyes, friends are the most precious wealth that one should treasure all his life.
1.语言简明扼要,通俗易懂,避免夸张华丽的辞藻,要把真实的一面展现在读者面前。
2.说明时一定要把握一个中心主题。说明文中细枝末节较多,但不能喧宾夺主。
3.说明的次序非常重要。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚,脉络明晰。因此,练习时可以尝试不同的次序进行写作,找出最合理的一种。
4.由于说明文写实性较强,有时难免会让人感到没有生气。因此,可以适当使用一些比喻、拟人等修辞手段,来增加文章的色彩。
下面是一篇说明一所医院布局的文章。文章虽短,但需要说明的内容却达11处之多。平均一句话就要描写一处,如果组织得不好,便会给人凌乱的感觉。
Long, long ago, there were two brothers, the one rich and the other poor. When Christmas Eve came, the poor one had not a bite in the house, either of meat or bread; so he went to his brother, and begged him, in God's name, to give him something for Christmas Day. It was by no means the first time that the brother had been forced to give something to him, and he was not better pleased at being asked now than he generally was.
"If you will do what I ask you, you shall have a whole ham," said he. The poor one immediately thanked him, and promised this.
"Well, here is the ham, and now you must go straight to Dead Man's Hall," said the rich brother, throwing the ham to him.
"Well, I will do what I have promised," said the other, and he took the ham and set off. He went on and on for the livelong day, and at nightfall he came to a place where there was a bright light.
"I have no doubt this is the place," thought the man with the ham.
An old man with a long white beard was standing in the outhouse, chopping Yule logs.
"Good-evening," said the man with the ham.
"Good-evening to you. Where are you going at this late hour?" said the man.
"I am going to Dead Man's Hall, if only I am on the right track," answered the poor man.
"Oh! yes, you are right enough, for it is here," said the old man. "When you get inside they will all want to buy your ham, for they don't get much meat to eat there; but you must not sell it unless you can get the hand-mill which stands behind the door for it. When you come out again I will teach you how to stop the hand-mill, which is useful for almost everything."
So the man with the ham thanked the other for his good advice, and rapped at the door.
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