记叙文阅读拓展延伸题小编整理,仅供参考:
拓展延伸,创意表达(开放性阅读试题
这类试题实际就是要考查学生对选文内容或重要句子的感悟能力。要求学生把阅读与生活、阅读与写作、阅读与学习方法、阅读与创新有机地结合起来。
【出题形式及解题指导】
①要求根据选文材料谈看法、感受和启示;
解题指导:一般情况下,这种题目要针对文章的主题来理解。
② 结合实际阐述对选文内容的理解;
解题指导:联系自己的生活实际或者是针对当代青少年的实际情况,从正面看待问题。
③ 对文中的人物进行评说;
解题指导:先谈这是个怎样的人物形象,然后再说自己对他的看法。
④ 根据生活、学习经验,判断优劣,对选文材料谈自己独到的见解;
解题指导:不一定面面俱到,可以从某一个方面进入。
⑤ 联系实际对文中说明的现象提出合理化的建议和设想;
解题指导:注意措施的可行性。
⑥ 调动知识的积累,考查选文材料由内向外的延伸和课本外与内的联系;还有学科间的整合知识。
⑦ 发挥联想、想像补写有关内容;
⑧ 对文中的艺术手法或美点进行赏析。
解题指导:先写出自己对文中的.哪个方面比较欣赏,然后按照赏析的基本步骤进行。
⑨ 要求仿照文中的有关句子的修辞手法、句式,仿写一句话,要求在内容上紧密相关,在形式上一致。
习题训练:
《乡村的孩子》
下午,方老师正津津有味地给中学生们讲课时,他那5岁半的孩子跌跌撞撞地从外面冲进教室来。
爹,快妈叫你回去收谷,要下雨了。方老师突然愣住了,望了望窗外,这才发觉天变得黑沉沉的,他脸色沉下来。你先回去帮***收,我离下课还有二十多分钟,他心里道:谷子被淋了也罢,可不能耽误这么多孩子的课。
方老师打发了儿子后说:同学们,咱们继续上课,刚才讲到雷锋帮助老师方老师话未讲完,班长就站了起来说,我家也晒谷了,我得赶回去好,你你走吧。方老师眉一皱,很不高兴地同意了。他明白这些农村孩子的家庭情况。班长走后,又有不少学生提出要走,方老师的话题一次又一次地被打断,他满脸不高兴,却又显得无可奈何,索性说:好吧,同学们,天要下雨了,你们谁需要回家帮忙的,可以回去,剩下的继续上课。谁知话音刚落,学生们纷纷冲出教室,一会就消失在远处。方老师被眼前的景象惊呆了教室里,他的面前只剩下空空的座位。窗外,一片阴沉沉的天。哎,农村的孩子良久,方老师自言自语地说,心里感到不是滋味。刮风了,几个豆大的雨点开始砸在窗子上,方老师也顾不得什么,急忙冲出教室,朝自家的晒谷场跑去。
跑到自家晒谷场,方老师被眼前的一切惊呆了数十个同学在班长的带领下,扫的扫,搬的搬,忙忙碌碌。方老师顿时涌出两行热泪。
1、文中两个加点的词呆住惊呆分别表现了方老师当时什么样的心情?
呆住:
惊呆:
2、文中加横线的句子主要运用了哪两种描写人物的方法?
3、短文刻画了一个什么样的教师形象?(2分
4、 发挥你的想象:班长面对这一突发事件,是怎样巧妙地组织同学到方老师家帮助收谷子的?
5、 在特定情况下,班长充满机敏和智慧的语言,收到了出奇的好效果,确实令人称道。在生活中,你也许会遇到各种类似的特定情况,你怎样应付,并收到好效果的呢?说说看!
《乡村的孩子》
1、呆住指老师诧异、失望,老师以学生的功课为大,学生却要回去收谷子,而且全部都走了。 惊呆是感动、感激,学生如此懂事,为老师着想,出乎老师意料之外,很感动。
2、语言描写、心理描写
3、一心为学生、一心为教育、无私奉献、体谅他人、为他人着想
4、在小孩叫老师回家收谷子的时候,老师愣住了,望了望窗外,这个时间段里,班长就和临近的几个同学商量去帮老师收谷子,然后一传十,十传百,大家都了解了意思,然后便陆续借口回家收谷子跑出去,最后同学们都跑到老师家收谷子去了。
5、我也会像班长一样说一些善意的谎言,只要结果是好的,只要做事的出发点是好的,就行!
这篇记叙文阅读拓展延伸题是小编为您收集整理,希望通过这些阅读练习和答案,能帮助同学们把握语文阅读的特点,进而提高阅读、鉴赏、写作能力以及语文综合素养。祝同学们学习进步!
Father had a family of sons who were perpetually quarrelling among themselves. When he failed to heal their disputes by his exhortations, he determined to give them a practical illustration of the evils of disunion; and for this purpose he one day told them to bring him a bundle of sticks. When they had done so, he placed the faggot into the hands of each of them in succession, and ordered them to break it in pieces. They each tried with all their strength, and were not able to do it.
He next unclosed the faggot, and took the sticks separately, one by one, and again put them into their hands, on which they broke them easily. He then
addressed them in these words: "My sons, if you are of one mind, and unite to assist each other, you will be as this faggot, uninjured by all the attempts of your enemies; but if you are divided among yourselves, you will be broken as easily as these sticks."
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
长时间以来,人们普遍认为:中国的传统教育是不善于表扬和鼓励孩子,这使很多孩子缺乏自信,有不少教育专家就呼吁,要学会鼓励孩子!
于是,不知何时起,“无批评教育”成了大家共同膜拜的教育方式。老师被要求尊重学生,不准批评或变相地批评孩子;家长更是将这一理论发挥到极致,孩子稍有成就便大加赞扬,甚至有了错误也不敢批评,唯恐打消掉孩子的自信心,因为“树大自然直”吗,小时有点错误算不得什么。
但是,现在又出现了另一种极端:孩子说不得了。
孩子说不得了
“现在的孩子越来越不敢批评了。”一位在教育第一线奋斗了十几年的老班主任感慨道,她向笔者介绍了这样两个案例:
一、上课时,老师发现有一位学生拿着喷水器对着另一位学生不停地喷洒,老师很生气,于是批评了这位学生,并要没收他的喷水器。然而,让老师意想不到的事情发生了,这位同学竟然一声不吭走到自己的座位,拿起自己的喷水器使劲地往地上一扔,然后头也不回地走出教室,居然比老师的脾气还大……
二、一名女生没有完成作业,她的班主任简单地批评了几句,没想到中午这名女生就从学校“出走”了,下午班主任和学校领导陪着家长四处找她。
“经受不起挫折,这是现在孩子普遍存在的一个问题,而且年龄越小这个问题越突出。”长期从事中学生心理咨询工作的济南一中张桂薇老师感慨道。
“缺少批评是造成这一问题的`主要原因”,张老师接着分析,“当前独生子女生活条件优越、个性强、任性、心理承受能力较差。很多父母对孩子百依百顺,喜欢包办代替,孩子如果想要什么,家长必须立刻做到,这种缺少批评的教育方式所造成的后果就是许多学生经不起挫折和失败。”
缺少批评的教育是不完整的
“没有批评的教育是不完整的教育。”山东师范大学教育学博士王美芳教授分析道,“赏识和批评,就像鸟的两翼,缺一不可。每个学生都有可以赏识的地方,自然也有可批评之处。正确的赏识,可以给学生以极大鼓舞;恰当的批评,也会促使学生进步。孩子没有经历挫折“会变得脆弱异常”,因此,要让孩子的生活中有禁区,他们犯了错误要受到惩罚,要让孩子懂得有些规则是无法动摇的,有些过失是要自己承担后果的。”
王教授接着举了几个例子,如毁坏公私财物必须赔偿,作业不能及时完成就不能跟别人一样参加课外活动,值日不认真就该再来一次,无故逃学、旷课、迟到必须反省改正等等。只有让学生为自己的一言一行负责,才能让他明辨是非。如果一味“赏识”而不敢批评、不敢惩罚,只会扭曲学生的认识,是对学生的不负责。
批评要注意方式
一般来说,孩子获得了成功或犯错误的时候,恰恰是教育的最佳时机,这是需要大智慧的,要善于捕捉教育时机。专家认为,孩子易于接受的批评方式应当具有以下两个特点。一要充满爱心。教育的艺术是爱的艺术,作为教育手段之一的惩戒,与体罚、心罚截然不同。如果说一个教师要惩罚考试成绩差的学生,是因为这个学生的考分大大地拖了全班平均分,影响了教师的个人业绩,那么,无论这个教师采用何种教育手段,都是错误的。
二要因人而异。能被孩子接受的惩戒教育方式,必然是能针对学生实际、走入学生心灵的方式。比如,同样是犯一种性质的错误,对缺乏耐心的孩子可以罚拼七巧板,对缺乏亲情的罚写一封家书,对不爱体育活动的罚跑步等等。
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