句型是根据句子的结构、特点和意义从大量的句子中抽象、概括出来的语言的一般表现形式。在教学中,根据学生的认知特点、心理特点和教学实际,运用建构主义教学思想设计教学活动,有利于句型教学目标的高度达成,应当把握以下四个基本途径。
在小学英语教学中,教师要充分挖掘教材,把学生原有的知识、经验作为获取新知识的基础,通过提示新、旧句型之间的联系,帮助学生建构当前所学句型的意义。例如,在教学《牛津小学英语2B》(译林版,下同第三单元“What can you see?”时,有一位教师首先与学生进行已经学过的“Can you…?”会话,然后通过多媒体出示一个停车场的夜景图。随着一束模拟探照灯的光束移向不同的车辆,教师逐个说:A car.I can see a car.A bus.Ican see a bus.A jeep.I can see…然后,将光束聚焦在一辆小汽车上,问学生:What can you see?引导学生答:Ican see a car.这种从旧知引人人手,通过铺垫性操练,引导学生自然地感知并理解新句型,学生会学得轻松、活泼。
Miss Li always wears a blue coat . I think her favourite colour will be blue .
Miss Li is very friendly and kindly .Her classes are very interesting ,we all like to have Chinese class .
She always smiles when she speak to us .Sometimes she is very strict with us,when we make a mistake,she often makes us stand up . 李老师是我的语文老师,她大约30岁左右,她长的又漂亮,又年轻,她的卷发是棕色的`。
Miss Li often sticks to have lessons when she is ill , She looked weak,but still beautiful . 李老师经常穿着蓝色的上衣,所以我认为她最喜欢的颜色是蓝色。
Miss Li love us very much, she teaches us so carefully .I think she is a good teacher. We all love her,too .
李老师对我们总是那样友好,亲切。她的课生动,有趣,我们都喜欢上语文课。她和我们说话的时候总是面带微笑。
有时候她对我们非常严厉,当我们犯了错误,李老师就让我们站起来。
I think teachers are like candles , giving off light for others by burning themselves 。
Dear teacher,
We'll have a class meeting this afternoon. All of us students hope that you can attend it. Please accept our sincere invitation.
In the class meeting, we will make some plans about all the subjects, including English. We do have some puzzles and we need your help. So we hope you can set some time aside to be with us in the class meeting. We will feel honored if you can come to attend our class meeting.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours
Jane
Dear Miss Brown,
I am writing to express my sincere thanks to you for caring me in the last two years. During the days of being your student, I learn a lot. Firstly, your serious attitude towards teaching and our students moves me too much. You inspire and push me to work harder and harder. Secondly, I fall in love with English under the influence of you. As a student of science and engineering, I’ve been thinking that English does no good to me, but you help me to find the fabulous glamour of English that leads me to know a totally different world and develop a different way of thinking. Finally, your continuous encouragement supports me a lot when I meet challenges or difficulties. You said that everything to the last will certainly become a good thing, if it is not, not yet to the last. Every time, remembering your words, I am so inspired to keep going.
Above all, I want to say thank you again and please accept my sincere appreciation. Best wishes for you.
Cruse
建构主义学习理论把创设情境看做是“意义建构”的必要前提。在小学英语教学中,教师可利用多媒体和其他直观教学手段,创设有利于学习者建构意义的情景,加强对句型的感知与理解。例如,为了教学生“行为动词一般现在时态的一般疑问句式及其肯定和否定回答方式”,一位教师在教室前的黑板上方悬挂了一个气球,邀请一个男生和一个女生进行触摸气球的竞赛,并发出“Jump high and touch the balloon”的指令。男生跳得高,碰到了气球;女生则没有触摸到气球。这时,教师很自然地指着男生问其他学生:Does he iump high?学生回答:Yes,he does,再指着女生问:Does she jump high?教师得到的回答自然是No,she doesn’t,这样。学生就在这个真实的情景中自然地理解了该句型的意义。
在当前的语篇教学中,我们往往把注意力过多放在新单词、新句式的教授上,一节课常常顾此失彼。教学目标不能达成。我在进行语篇教学的过程中,比较关注对学生学习策略的引导。譬如,在引入一篇对话或短文时,教学生抓住全文的关键信息:如果采用听的方式,我会教给学生速记的方法;如果采用阅读的形式,我会关注学生扫读的技巧。在引导学生学习一篇文章的过程中,我会注意引导学生学会根据上下文去猜测某些新单词的意义。而在对一篇对话或短文进行归纳总结的时候,引导学生学会抓住关键词作为提示可以提高学生学习的效率。我认为,在语篇教学过程中,我们为学生解决的,应该不仅仅是语言知识的积累,更重要的是学习方法的指导、学习习惯的养成,好的学习方法和习惯会让孩子们获益终生。
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