1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
During the first three years of junior school ,we were very happy and free .But we often heard that Grade 4 would be a hell. After the final exam of Grade 3 in June, everything blew onto our faces : teachers’ changing , harder and harder texts , terrible pressure and of course the graduate exam .Where your position was on the listboard became the most important thing in our life .We had to study hard day and night ,always from 6:00 a.m. to 1:00 or 2:00 a.m. the next day.
But I must say that it’s really an unforgettable memory in my life. Under the pressure we lived our life to the fullest, and enjoyed the true interesting things that we may have never cared before. Grade 4 in junior school was a turning point in my life. My attitude to learning, my world outlook and my philosophy of life all changed. I turned to be positive and strong. I also gained many people’s true & pure friendship, both teachers ’ and classmates’. In some way, I like that kind of life, as it taught me many things I’d never learned before.
Teachers also helped me a lot. I still can’t forget that my history teacher talked to me until 10:00 p.m. on April 30th, 2003, for my application. My head teacher also encouraged me, so did my Chinese teacher. I should say, all my teachers worked very hard and always neglected their sleep and meals. Even if some of them were about 50 and often fell ill, they never left us one day .
The last and greatest challenge was of course the final exam, also my high school entrance exam. I felt very well and comfortable except my chemistryphysics exams. The result proved that I couldn’t have done worse in them. But in total, my mark is O.K. So then I became a student in the best high school of Hubei Province.
We, teachers and students, got together in East Lake Hotel on June 4th, 2003. At the moment of saying goodbye, I felt that my time of junior had gone ,and my senior time was coming .
Today, I looked at my graduate photos again ,and ,I smiled .
He once hesitated ,struggled, feared and doubted, like an ordinary man would do. But he just "stays at the door of fate", as the name of his newly-written book says, and waits till the door opens instead of leaving during the half way. Then there comes a wholly new world where the beautiful dream lies .
五年级的一个暑假,我和朋友去发传单,这是个锻炼自己,磨练忍耐力和坚持的一个心酸过程。尽管心酸,但这对我们来说是非常新鲜的。
我们换好了衣服,一个叔叔跟我们讲了大概过程,也就是看见路人要先说“你好”,在介绍传单内容,并留下联系电话,但这一切的前提是,如果那个人愿意听我们讲完所有的内容。
我们来到大街上,开始向路人下发传单。但只有亲身体验过,才会知道那些路人有多难“伺候”。有点人理都不理我们伸出的手;有点人看了看我们,如有所语的议论着,皱着眉头走开:也有的人接过我们的传单,还没有两三步,便扔在了地上。一上午下来,放眼望去,满地传单在随意的让人们踩踏,没有人在意那是我们一张一张亲手送出的传单。传单都被随意丢弃,更不用说让我们介绍了。
到了下午,我们都泄气了,把传单丢在旁边的石椅上,谁有兴趣,谁就去拿。时间一分一秒的过去,这时,有一个大叔,他站在我们面前,看着我们手里的传单,我盯着他看了好一会,才反应过来,他是要我们的传单,听我们的'介绍,于是我站起来,微笑说:“你好,这是……希望您有空去看看!“太好了,这是我今天第一次向路人开口,那位大叔一直耐心地听我讲完。在这个下午,情况有所好转,渐渐低,越来越多的人吧传单放在包里,也有越来越多的人愿意听我讲完。慢慢地,我脸上的笑容不在僵硬,虽然还是有很多人在踩踏,但是我开始相信坚持的力量。因为在这个世上没有人会拒绝微笑,没有人会无视坚持!
回到家,回想这一天,发现了坚持的可贵,在生活中有很多事情,只要坚持没有什么不可能!只要坚持,世界对我没有什么不可能!
1。hereby
该词意为by means of , by reason of this, by this agreement,“特此”,“因此”,“兹”,“在此”。此词常用作法律、经贸文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语,在合同条款中需特别强调时也可用,表示当事人借此合约,要宣示某种具有法律效力的“意思表示”,如保证、同意、放弃权利等,一般放于主语后,紧邻主语。如:The Company hereby covenants and warrants that…… 意为:By this agreement the Company covenants and warrants that……即:公司在此保证……再如:Both parties hereby agree that……意为:By this agreement both parties agree that……即:双方当事人在此同意……
2。hereof
该词意为:of this agreement,“关于此点”;“在本文件中”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:to take effect on the date hereof 意为:to take effect on the date of this agreement 即:于本合约之日期生效。再如:the headings of the sections hereof 意为:the headings of the sections of this agreement 即:本合约各条款之标题。
3。hereto
该词意为:to this agreement,“至此”,“在此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的`名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:both parties hereto 意为both parties to this agreement,即本合约之当事人双方;items specified in Attachment I and hereto 意为:items specified in Attachment I to this agreement 即:本合约之附件I所列之各项。
4。herein
该词意为:in this agreement,“此中”,“于此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的……,本法(中)的……”等,一般置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词。如:to file a suit in the court agreed to herein 意为:to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 即:向当事人于本合约中同意管辖的法院提起诉讼;再如:to follow the terms and conditions herein 意为:to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement,即:遵守本合约所规定的条件。
5。hereinafter
该词意为:later in the same Contract,“以下”,“在下文”,一般与to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用,以避免重复。
6。hereunder
该词意为:under this agreement,“在本合约内”、“依据本合约”。如:obligations hereunder,意为obligations under this agreement,即“本合约内的义务”。再如:rights granted hereunder,意为rights granted under this agreement,即“依本合约所赋予的权利”。
Has the winter vacation year after year, all is often different. Formerly, I all only was busy in the winter vacation is making merry, but this difference, not only I have not played, but also almost closed the confinement. Asked how I do fall so the fate, ya, all is the calamity which wants to play all the time annoys!
That day clear and boundless sky, solar especially beautiful, my in high spirits running to the maternal family, father and mother and the relatives and friends disappears for a long time, therefore particularly is excited. After finished eating the lunch to chat a meeting, they on full of enthusiasm played the playing cards. I am idling the safe, a person exits the extension, and brought a cigarette lighter, several dozens firecrackers along with; Transferred had not seen any interesting thing, thereupon I put the firecracker on a person in the courtyard. But that day wind especially big, I originally want to lose on the place the firecracker actually and I do to, rode the wind but has flown on the side haystack, a detonation, unexpectedly a ten feet high flame for to ignite the haystack, I was startled immediately had, hurried brushes with the bamboo pole, but the haystack roasted in the overpoweringly hot hot sun roasts has dehydrated completely, in addition that wind helped an evildoer do evil in the one side, the flame fled in a twinkling Lao Gao, I was scared immediately, got a sudden inspiration nearby the discovery well to have a washbasin suddenly, hurried the water used fire fighting, just has irrigated a trough, That presses the hydraulic engine also to press did not sail upstream, really awfully, this heaven resembles is intending to oppose with me resembles, my anxious tear has all fallen, wants to let loose the throat to shout, can how also shout does not make noise; The younger sister comes out by chance asks me to play, she hurried the human has all called, everybody busily has opened immediately, barrel barrel trough trough water straight upward irrigated. This water is originally may suppress the fire, but this fire gentle breeze becomes the ally, the fire has borrowed the circumstances, the wind helps the fire prestige, the situation is not more and more wonderful. By now although greatly burnt down was the haystack but likes actually is burning my heart, from caught up with the villagers in all directions which put out a fire also to, they did not know lifted a small water pump from where, finally, this water pump drew up the water has all supplied, was seeing this fire had to irrigate extinguished, but did not know how, the water broke suddenly. We run as soon as looked that, the original water source is far, that splices the pipe joint place 散架, Shui Zhenggu 汩 braved to outside, to flow place. When we fix the pipe, this is irrigated the fire which extinguishes to resurge quickly. Has not been good, this time wind has gotten up greatly, again does not take the measure, not only this haystack has not guaranteed, all must suffer disaster including the side on haystack and the house. In this critical moment, sees only the uncle to take up the pipe, flushed the haystack which burnt, he did not attend to the intermittent thick smoke to destroy completely the exterior fire diligently outside, also let the public hoe push aside the haystack, the water used to has Mars the place pouring to go, but most was anxious certainly is I, one side me was snatching the fire fighting, at the same time unceasingly the mouth read "the amen", really was turns to any doctor one can find when critically ill. But, this move resembles also very is effective, soon, the wind really has stopped down, this fire also naturally extinguished. My deep sigh one breath, in a heart big stone finally fell to the ground.
Although the fire extinguished, but my responsibility feared was the inescapable, I have finished the full psychological preparation, in just a little bit, the maid ablaze with anger walked, very far away I the smell of gunpowder, but fortunately, the maid has not begun, otherwise I also could write the thesis in this? Oh, I now really regretted that, I do must put that to provoke the right and wrong to me the firecracker?
译文:
年年有寒假,一切往往不同。以前,我只在寒假里忙得不亦乐乎,可这次不同,我不但没玩过,还差点关上了禁闭。问我怎么会落下这样的命运,哎,都是一直想玩的祸烦!
那天天空晴朗无垠,阳光格外美丽,我兴高采烈地奔向母家,爸爸妈妈和亲戚朋友久久不见了,因此格外兴奋。吃完午饭聊了一会,他们就兴致勃勃地玩起了扑克牌。我在闲逛保险柜,一个人从分机出来,带了一个打火机,几十个鞭炮一起;转移到没有看到任何有趣的东西,于是我把鞭炮放在院子里的一个人身上。可是那天风特别大,我本来想把鞭炮丢在地上却和我做对了,乘风却飞到了旁边的草堆上,一声爆响,竟有一股十尺高的火焰为草堆引燃,我顿时吓了一跳,赶紧用竹竿刷了刷,可是在烈日下烤的草堆已经完全脱水了,加上风在一边扶着一个恶人作恶,火焰瞬间就窜了老高,我顿时吓了一跳,突然发现井边有个脸盆,急忙用水救火,刚灌完槽,那压着液压机也压不上船了,真是太可怕了,这天堂像是要和我对抗似的,我焦急的眼泪都掉了,想放开嗓子喊,可怎么也喊不出声来;妹妹偶然出来叫我玩,她赶紧把人都叫来了,大家马上忙开了,桶里的水直往上灌。这水本来是可以压制火的,但这火和风成了盟友,火借了情,风助火威,情不愈妙。这时虽然大火烧成了草堆但却像是在燃烧着我的心,从四面八方赶来的村民扑灭了一场火也到了,他们不知道从哪里举起了一台小水泵,最后,这台水泵抽上来的水已经全部供应了,看到这场火已经被浇灌扑灭了,但是没有不知怎么,水突然破了。我们一跑就看,原来水源远,那拼接管接头处散架,水正鼓汩冒到外面,流向处。当我们修好水管时,这是浇灌灭火后迅速复活的火。一直不好,这次风大了起来,再不采取措施,不仅这草堆没有保证,连草堆上的`边和房子都要遭殃。在这危急的时刻,只见叔叔拿起水管,冲着烧焦的草堆,他顾不上时断时续的浓烟努力把外面的火烧得干干净净,还让众人锄起草堆,把曾经有火星的地方浇去,但最着急的肯定是我,一边我在抓紧救火,一边不停地嘴里念着“阿门”,真是转危为安时找不到任何医生。但是,这一举动似乎也很有效,很快,风真的停了下来,这场大火也自然扑灭了。我深深的叹了一口气,心里的一块大石头终于掉到了地上。
虽然火扑灭了,但我的责任恐怕是无法推卸的,我已经做好了充分的心理准备,就在一点点,女佣怒火中烧地走了,远远的我闻到了火药味,幸好女佣还没开始,不然我还能在这写论文吗?哦,我现在真的很后悔,我一定要把那个挑起我是非的鞭炮?
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