设问是明知故问、自问自答,或提出问题不需回答的修辞方式。设问的基本特点是“无疑而问”,设的目的在于引人注意,启发思考。例如:
社会生产力有这样巨大的发展,劳动生产率有这大幅度的提高,靠的是什么?最主要的是靠科学的、技术的力量。
The free day ,I want to go to Los Angeles.Because this is the second largest city in America! And the sun always seems to shine in LA!I need some suggestions. Firstly I want to join the 2 hours walking tour.because it is a so great chance .Secondly I will go shopping in Glendale Galleria. Finlly I want to citadel outlets and South coast plaza.
In last summer vacation ,I went to Beijing with my family. First ,we went to the Great Wall,where we met a lot of foreigners and we also took a lot of photos. They all like our culture and beautiful senery. Second.we went to the summer palace ,where the previous emporers spent summer in the old days.Third, we went to the Forbidden City .Finally ,we went to Wangfujing Street where we tasted much delicious food.
In a word, we had a great time during the vacation and we leanred a lot from this tour.
At noon, grandpa excitedly ran up and told us to go to paradise. I shout of surprise. At noon we eat wonton, even wrapped the wonton to my package so fast so good. I quickly solved the wonton, tidy up the things ready to go.
I can\'t help but admire the tiangong estate, wow, what a big ah, how beautiful! Grandpa bought the ticket, I rushed into the door, asked grandpa go to play there. Grandpa said: \"first pick mulberry notes.\" Once again I screamed and ran to the mulberry fruit wood, I one side, while eating, admiring: how sweet! Suddenly, I found a big black mulberry notes, busy picking in the past, but I accidentally to crush it, make it out of the juice, juice flowing really - phase bleeding on the hand! Before I went to the mother call: \"mama I \'blood\'!\" Mother a look, cut, turns out to be of mulberry fruit juice.
Finished picking mulberry notes, we went to the paradise of the plant world, \"I looked at several galleries in a row, a tropical fruit zone, tropical zone, psammophyte area... And so on. There are all kinds of plants, fruit, let I pick up my free time should be no. Introduce several kinds of give you! Such as there is a \"heart\" you haven\'t seen! He is a tropical fruit, fruit is round, like the heart, leaves the same as ordinary camphor tree leaves.
Then we went to the amusement park, play the pedal boat and \"space walk\". We can play fun! Arrived there after I have a little linger the round-trip!
Today this manor trip of a day, let I grew many knowledge, you also go to some tourist attractions to play more! I have been to many places!
(一)概念:
比喻就是“打比方”。即两种不同性质的事物,彼此有恰似点,便用一事物来比方另一事物的一种修辞格。
(二)结构:
比喻的结构,一般由三部分组成,即本体(被比喻的事物)、喻体(作比喻的事物)和比喻词(比喻关系的标志性词语)组成。
(三)构成比喻必须具备的条件:
1、甲和乙必须是本质不同的事物,否则不能构成比喻。一个句于是不是比喻,不能单看有没有喻词,下列几处情况,虽有喻词,但不是比喻。
①同类相比。例如:她的性格很像母亲。
②表示猜度。例如:这天黑沉沉的,好像要下雨了。
③表示想象。例如:每当看到这条红领中,我就仿砖置身于天真灿漫的少年时儿。
④表示举例的引词。例如:社会主义的中国,在党的阳光照耀下,涌现出许多英雄人物,像雷锋、焦裕禄等。
2、甲乙之间必须有恰似点。
(四)比喻的种类
1、明喻。本体喻体都出现,中间用比喻词“像、似、仿佛、犹如”等联结,有时后面还有“似的”、“一样”等词配合。明喻的典型形式是:甲像乙。例如:
叶子出水限高,像亭亭的舞女的裙。
2、暗喻。本体喻征都出现,中间用喻词·,”是、成了、变成”等联结,有时暗喻不用喻词。暗喻的典型形式为:甲是乙。
例如:更多的时候,乌云四合,层峦叠蟑。
除此暗喻还有许多变体值得注意:
①本体和喻体是并歹、关系。例如:从喷泉里喷出来洋,(“花”修饰“海洋”)
②本体和喻体是注释关系。例如:我爱北京——祖国的心脏。
3、借喻。不出现本体,直接叙述喻体。借喻的典型形式为甲代乙。例如:
独有英雄驱虎豹,更元豪杰怕熊罴
4、博喻。连用几个比喻共说明一个本体。例如:
这种下笔以前的修改是最要紧不过的了,正如盖房子首先要打好图样,作战首先要订好计划一样。
(五)比喻的作用
1、化平淡为生动;
2、化深奥为浅显;
3、化抽象为具体;
4、化冗长为简洁。
In recent years, tourism has been popular and played an important role in our nation’s economic growth. However, I am afraid that if tourism develops over, it will bring harm to the environment and give rise to many problems.
There are a few reasons accounting for my views and I would like to list three of them. One of the examples is that a large number of woods and other plants were replaced by all kinds of accommodation facilities or scenic spots. That definitely breaks the ecological balance of these areas and destroys the natural beauty of the scenic spots. Worse still, more pressure has been placed environment protection in that many tourists left their garbage in the scenic spots. In addition, over-developed tourism will occupy large numbers of farmland and lead to the shortage of the land.
In a word, tourism will be harmful to our environment if it is over development. Thus, I do not advocate that we development tourism without considering the environment. And we should keep the balance between tourism development and environment protection so that we can achieve the sustainable development between our nation’s economy and the environment.
(一)概念:
夸张是为达到某种表达需要,对事物的形象、特征、作用、程度等方面着意扩大或缩小的修辞方式。
(二)种类:
夸张可分为三类,即扩大夸张,缩小夸张,超前夸张。
1、扩大夸张:故意把客观事物说得“大、多、高、强、深……”的夸张形式。例如:蜀道之难,难于上青天。
2、缩小夸张:故意把客观事物说得“小、少、低、弱、浅、……”的夸张形式。例如:一个浑身黑色的人,站在老栓面前,眼光正像两把刀,刺得老栓缩小了一半。
3、超前夸张:在时间上把后出现的事物提前一步的夸张形式。例如:农民们都说:“看见这样鲜绿的茵,就嗅出白面包子的香味来了。
(三)夸张的作用:
1、揭示本质,给人以启示。
2、烘托气氛,增强感染力。
3、增强联想;创造气氛。
(四)运用夸张要注意以下三点。
第一,夸张不是浮夸,而是故意的合理的夸大,所以不能失去生活的基础和生活的根据。下面运用的夸张脚下地球当球玩,大洋海水能喝干。
第二,夸张不能和事实距离过近,否则会分不清是在说事实还是在夸张。
第三,夸张要注意文体特征,如科技说明文、说理文章就很少用甚至不用夸张,以免歪曲事实。 对偶
(一)概念:
对偶是用字数相等,结构形式相同,意义对称的一对短语或句子来表达两个相对或相近意思的修辞方式。
(二)对偶的种类:
1、正对。上下句意思上相似、相近、相补、相衬的对偶形式。例如:
a.墙上芦苇,头重脚轻根底浅;山间竹笋,嘴类皮厚腹中空。
2、反对。上下句意思上相反或相对的对偶形式。例如:
b.横眉冷对千夫指,俯首甘为孺子牛。
3、串对(流水对)。上下句意思上具有承接、递进、因果、假设、条件等关系的对偶形式。例如: c.才饮长江水,又食武昌鱼。
根据上下句的形式又可以把对偶分为严式对偶和宽式对偶,严式对偶要求上下两句字数相等,词性相对、结构相同、平厌相对、不重复用字。如例句曲。宽式对偶对严式对偶五条要求只要有一部分达到就可以,不很严格,如例句c。
(三)对偶的结构:
1、成分对偶。例如:
然而我的坏处,是在论时事不留面子,泛铜弊常取类型,而后者尤与时宜不合。
2、句子对偶。例如:
秋水共长天一色,落霞与孤骛齐飞。
(四)对偶的作用:
便于吟诵,易于记忆;用于诗词、有音乐美;表意凝炼,抒情酣畅。
(五)对偶与对比的不同点;
1、对比的基本特点是“对立”,对偶的基本特点是“对称”。
2、对偶主要是从结构开工上说的,它要求结构相称,字数相等;对比是从意义上说的,它要求意义相反或相近,而不管结构形式如何。
3、对偶里的“反对”(如“横眉冷对千夫指,俯首甘为孺子牛”)就意义说是对比,就形式说是对偶,这是修辞手法的兼类现象。)
Last year, I went to Guang Zhou in the summer vacation. I felt so excited, it took me about four hours to get there. In the daytime, the air was so stuffy and the sun was so hot, so my friends and I decided to take a rest in the hotel. When the sun almost got down, we started to go on the street, the first thing was to find something to eat. There were so many delicious snacks, we had no idea which to eat, so we planed to eat as much as we could. I found myself couldn’t stop eating, the food was tasted. After we finishing eating, we started to go shopping.Guang Zhou is famous for the foreign trade, its clothes are fashionable and cheap. We went to the shopping street, trying on all kinds of clothes, at last, we bought many clothes. This trip is so unforgettable to me.去年暑假,我去广州旅游。我感到很兴奋,我花了大约四个小时到那里。白天,空气很闷,太阳很大,所以我的朋友和我决定去旅馆休息。当太阳将要下山了,我们开始逛街,第一件事就是找东西吃。街上有很多美味的小吃,我们不知道吃什么好,因此我们计划尽可能多吃。我无法停止下来,食物太美味了。吃完以后,我们开始购物,广州的外贸很出名,衣服时尚,价格便宜。我们去了购物街,试了各种各样的衣服,最后,我们买了很多衣服。这趟旅程对我来说是很难忘的。
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