1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6) Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7) Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8) According to a recent survey, ……
9) With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.
2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. ,
4.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.
5....has many advantages.For example,…
6. However,just as every coin has two sides,…has it’s disadvantages.
II…play(san important role/part in……
1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.
2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.
3.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.
4.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.
5.Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness.
6.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
7.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,and fax have taken their place.
III.With the development of…
1.With the development of our economy,many Chinese families can afford a car.
2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.
3.With the rapid development of Science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.
4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6.With more and more women entering the society,people's attitude towards women is changing.
7.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of,a significant number of
families can afford a car.
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but…
四、批驳
1)It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ……
7) Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10) No one can deny the fact that ……
11) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13) Recent studies indicate that ……
14) There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15) According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 :
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word,generally speaking,to conclude等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3). We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population.
4). We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.
5). The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.
6). Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.
7) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8) In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9) There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14) Taking all these into account, we ……
15) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分,表示客观存在的\'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There is no point in talking about it again.
There is something you don't know.
There is not enough time to do the work. .
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1.由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化:The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
2.由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化:One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves.
3.用of连接含有by的短语,把简单句转换成名词短语
1.以下正确的说法是()。
A.用户调用标准库函数前,必须重新定义
B.用户可以重新定义标准库函数,若如此,该函数将失去原有含义
C.系统不允许用户重新定义标准库函数
D.用户调用标准库函数前,不必使用预编译命令将该函数所在文件包括到用户源文件中答案:B
2.do语句能够改写为()语句。
A.复合
B.if
C.switch
D.while
答案:D
3.循环语句“for(inti=0;i<n;i++cout<<i*i<<’’;”中循环体执行的次数为()。
A.1
B.n-1
C.n
D.n+1
答案:C
4.在下面循环语句中循环体执行的次数为()。for(inti=0;i<n;i++if(i>n/2break;
A.n/2
B.n/2+1
C.n/2-1
D.n-1
答案:B
5.下列适宜采用inline定义函数情况是()。
A.函数体含有循环语句
B.函数体含有递归语句
C.函数代码少、频繁调用
D.函数代码多、不常调用
答案:C
6.定义p并使p指向动态空间中的包含30个整数的数组所使用的定义语句为()。
A.int*p=newint[30];
B.int*p=newint(30;
C.int*p=new[30];
D.*p=newint[30];
答案:A
7.将两个字符串连接起来组成一个字符串时,选用()函数。
A.strlen(
B.strcap(
C.strcat(
D.strcmp(
答案:C
8.switch语句能够改写为()语句。
A.for
B.if
C.do
D.while
答案:B
9.关于void指针,下列说法正确的是()。
A.void指针就是不能指向任何数据的指针
B.void指针就是已定义而未初始化的指针
C.指向任何类型数据的指针可直接赋值给一个void指针
D.void指针值可直接赋给一个非void指针
答案:C
10.循环while(inti=0i--;执行次数是()。
A.0
B.1
C.5
D.6
答案:A
11.预处理命令在程序中都是以()符号开头的。
A.*
B.#
C.&
D.@
答案:B
12.以下能正确地定义整型变量a,b和c,并为其赋初值5的语句是()。
A.inta=b=c=5;
B.inta,b,c=5;
C.a=5,b=5,c=5;
D.a=b=c=5;
答案:A
13.若有说明语句:charc='72'则变量c()。
A.包含1个字符
B.包含2个字符
C.包含3个字符
D.说明不合法,c的值不确定
答案:A
14.可用作C++语言用户标识符的一组标识符是()。
A.voiddefine+WORD
B.a3_b3_123YN
C.for-abcCase
D.2aDOsizeof
答案:B
15.以下标识符中不全是保留字的是()。
A.caseforint
B.defathenwhile
C.boolclasslong
D.gotoreturnchar
答案:B
16.下列变量名中,()是合法的。
A.Forest
B.byte-size
C.double
D.A+a
答案:A
17.函数调用func((exp1,exp2,(exp3,exp4,exp5中所含实参的个数为()个。
A.1
B.2
C.4
D.5
答案:B
18.this指针存在的目的是()。
A.保证基类私有成员在子类中可以被访问
B.保证基类保护成员在子类中可以被访问
C.保证每个对象拥有自己的数据成员,但共享处理这些数据成员的代码
D.保证基类公有成员在子类中可以被访问
答案:C
19.定义类的动态对象数组时,系统只能够自动调用该类的()对其进行初始化。
A.友员
B.析构函数
C.无参构造函数
D.类成员
答案:C
20.对两个数组a和b进行如下初始化:chara[]="ABCDEF";charb[]={‘A’,‘B’,‘C’,‘D’
A.a和b数组完全相同
B.a和b中都存放字符串
C.sizeof(a比sizeof(b大
D.sizeof(a与sizeof(b相同
答案:C
21.对长度为N的线性表进行顺序查找,在最坏情况下所需要的比较次数为()。
A.N+1
B.N
C.(N+1/2
D.N/2
答案:B
22.二维数组在内存中的存放顺序是()。
A.按行存放
B.按列存放
C.由用户自己定义
D.由编译器决定
答案:A
23.假如指针p已经指向某个整型变量x,则(*p++相当于()。
A.x++
B.p++
C.*(p++
D.&x++
答案:A
24.如有数组intnum[5]={12,13,14,15,16};则num[0]的值为()。
A.12
B.13
C.14
D.15
答案:A
25.若p1、p2都是指向整型的指针,p1已经指向变量x,要使p2也指向x,正确的是()。
A.p2=p1;
B.p2=**p1;
C.p2=&p1;
D.p2=*p1;
答案:A
26.有语句inta[10]={10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1},*p=a;则数值为2的表达式是()。
A.a[9]
B.*p[8]
C.*(a+8)
D.p+8
答案:C
27.在C++中,访问一个指针所指向的对象的成员所用的指向运算符是()。
A.*
B.<<
C.->
D.=
答案:C
28.在面向对象的程序设计中,将一组对象的共同特性抽象出来形成()。
A.对象
B.实例
C.类
D.数组
答案:C
29.在用C++进行程序设计时,最好用()代替malloc。
A.new
B.
C.指针
D.循环
答案:A
30.不同对象可以调用相同名称的函数,但执行完全不同行为的现象称为()。
A.继承
B.访问控制
C.派生
D.多态性
答案:D
31.若定义了函数double*function(,则函数function的返回值为()。
A.实数型
B.实数的地址
C.指向函数的指针
D.函数的地址
答案:B
32.所谓数据封装就是将一组数据和与这组数据有关操作组装在一起,形成一个实体,这实体也就
A.类
B.对象
1。 It is considered /thought that人们(有人,大家)认为
2。 It is generally /usually accepted /agreed/recognized that普遍(一般,通常)认为
3。 It is believed that有人(人们,大家)相信
4。 It is well—known that大家知道(众所周知)
5。 It is said that据说(有人说)
6。 It is learned that据闻(悉)
7。 It is supposed that据推测
8。 It is estimated/predicted/calculated that据估计(预计)
9。 It must be pointed that必须指出
10。 It is reported that据报道
11。 It must be admitted that必须承认
12。 It will be seen that可见(可以看出)
13。 It will be seen from this that由此可见
14。 It is understood that不用说(都知道)
15。 It can not be denied that无可否认
16。 It has been proved/demonstrated that已经证明
17。 It may be confirmed that可以肯定
18。 It may be safely said that可以有把握地说
19。 It is sometimes asked that人们有时会问
20。 It is expected that/hoped that人们希望
21。 When it comes to要说到,要谈及
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