1.树立“以人为本”的核心理念,做好激励机制的顶层设计
要改变过去传统的僵化管理模式,坚持学校的一切管理活动都要以人为根本出发点,把人视为高校的财富和核心资源,唤醒人的主体意识,重视人的价值,发挥人的潜能,创造出一种以人为中心的、促进人的心灵的管理新机制。因此,高校管理不仅要关注教师和学生的利益、情感和价值追求,也应真正将管理人员当“人”来看待,尊重其价值和尊严,重视关怀管理人员的人性追求,使其最大限度地实现全面发展。首先要充分重视管理工作的重要性和价值,深刻认识到管理人员对于高校发展的战略意义,纠正对管理人员以及管理工作的种种偏见。一直以来,我国高校忽视了对管理科学本身的认识,或陷入“管理就是简单的自上而上颁布命令”的极左思维,或又单纯地认为“管理就是服务”,失去了其自身的科学性和生产力价值。其次,积极推进参与式管理,畅通普通管理者与高校决策层沟通的渠道,全面了解所有管理者对学校工作的意见和建议,了解管理者的需求;对于事关管理者切身利益的大事要广泛征求意见,给普通管理者参予政策制订的话语权;进一步扩大和落实管理者工作的自主权,使其能够放开手脚,以自己认为有效的方式开展工作,充分发挥自己的工作才能。
2.围绕实施性法规制度建设,完善管理队伍专业化管理模式
首先,要明确管理者的身份地位。国外许多国家对高校管理者的身份地位都有明确的法规和政策规定,如日本、德国等国家高校管理者是国家公务员,享受公务员对其相关权益的`保障。我国应抓紧出台一部专门的法律、法规明确规定高校管理者的性质、业务范围和法律地位。其次,要建立合理的薪酬制度。收入的高低常常被人们视为衡量社会地位高低的重要标准。一要做到收入具有可比性。严格执行《教师法》规定,使得高校管理者的工资水平不低于当地公务员的工资水平,全面改善管理者的工作和生活条件。二要做到稳定增加收入。管理者在任职期间内的收入应该按一定比例逐年增加,并与工作能力直接挂钩,工作能力强,收入高,激励管理者不断增强工作积极性。最后,要畅通管理者的职业发展通道。高校应采取多种晋升制度让管理者有更多的发展机会和空间。一是行政职务的直接提拔晋升。逐步取消“双肩挑”制度,直接从普通管理者中选拔优秀人才晋升管理领导岗位。对于目前具有学术背景的管理干部,必须要求他们在担任行政管理岗位期间不再从事教学、科研活动,使其全心全意从事管理工作。二是岗位轮换。通过不同管理岗位的锻炼不仅能开阔管理者的工作视野,提高他们的实际能力,调动他们的积极性和创造性。
3.整合教育资源,奠定管理队伍激励机制的前提和基础
首先,采取“扁平化”的管理组织结构。“扁平化”的管理是指通过压缩职能管理部门尽可能地减少中间管理层次,实现管理幅度的增加,也就是用最少的人力物力实现管理的最优化,使有限的教育资源得以更加合理的分配。而实现“扁平化”管理的基础就是充分发挥每个管理者的潜能和特长。可以说,采取“扁平化”管理为管理者各种能力的发挥提供了组织保障,因此有利于调动管理者的积极性。其次,开展“经营管理”,实现利益共享。在高校的经营管理中,建立管理者收入与责任轻重、经营成果及资产增值挂钩。依据高校的经济效益,构建管理者与其工作业绩挂钩的薪酬结构。这种利益共享的方式把管理者的收益与高校的发展紧密地联系在一起,更能起到长期激励的作用。
If I ruled the world, I would do some changes that will make the world become better. I would publicize concept of peace, and try to reduce wars. I would also try my best to reduce taxation, help poor people with their producion and make business revive. I would change education too, because it is said that the fature of a country depends on children of the country. In a way, the future of the world depends on children of the world. So I think, the education is a very important factor to make the world become better. I would reduce class-time, reduce homeworks and build many appliances for play on the playground. I would make the schools become a kind of place that kids can be happy there, and like there. I would definitely be a good leader. If somebedy gave me honor to rule the whole world, I wouldnt let him(her down. I would do anything I can do to make the world become more beautiful, more peaceful and warmer.
一片又一片,一片又一片,我抓住了漫天飞舞的落叶,它的颜色是枯黄又微微泛红的,就像一位老人害了羞,多滑稽!我仔细观察着它的纹理,细细的'、一道道从中间分开,这不是大自然的艺术品吗?我轻轻的触摸着这件“宝贝”,一不留神,“宝贝”瞬间在我的手里化为零七碎八的碎叶,一阵秋风袭来,已是随风流浪,心里落了个空,我愣在原地了。
没想落叶竟这样脆弱,突然想到,时间也是不是如此呢?当落叶黯淡地离开了树上的舞台时,这意味着,时间也消失了许多,那以往的生机呢?那以往的汗水呢?那以往的辉煌呢?是的,都被落叶带走了,这是它的使命,它将飘向远方。过去的一切都在落叶里化为了泡影,不管是欢乐辛酸,它都让你统统过去。
而我的时间呢?它也藏进了落叶里了吗?我为什么找不回来呢?是我自己弄丢它、抛弃它的吧。在秋天,他们丰收、获得了许多,而我丰收了什么?获得了什么?是不是虚度光阴呢?我想起朱自清的《匆匆》一文,日子从饭碗里过去啦,日子从水盆里过去啦,而我的日子却丢失在了落叶里,当落叶飘下的时候,我才认识到时间的易逝,当落叶飘下来的时候,我才紧紧地抓住它,时间就如落叶一般,当它正是利用的好日子时,我却遗忘了,当它化为乌有、飘向远方时,我才知道挽留。所以,别当落叶飘下时才记起时间的存在。
我的时间啊,你原来藏在落叶里面啊!我要把你找回来,珍惜对待你。到了下一个秋天,收获你所带给我的礼物。
《如何在大学里脱颖而出》这是一本巴掌大小的小书,以至于放在架子中被众多书籍所淹没,显得并不起眼。但是书中列出的却是每个大学生不得不面对的问题,因此在封面中印着“一流大学顶尖学生的成功指南”。作者通过对哈佛、普林斯顿、耶鲁、达特茅斯、康奈尔、斯坦福等美国一流大学里的顶尖学生进行调查,把他们成功的秘诀提炼成了75条简洁实用的法则。
对于刚刚经历过高考,踏入大学校门的学生来说,大学是一个令人激动而又朝思暮想的地方。在这里将开启崭新的生活,可以自由自在的度过四年美好的时光。然而,这四年的时光并不仅仅意味着追寻乐趣,更是未来人生的新起点。能否奠定一个好的基础对今后至关重要。在这种信念的激发下,作者开始动手采访美国国内的一流学生,想要找出他们在大学中脱颖而出的成功经验,帮助大学生们以最佳的状态度过四年宝贵的时光。
翻开书,每2、3页就有一条法则。
法则5:整理你的床铺。这是将个人的生活习惯单独列出来。为什么整理床铺这样简单的小事会影响你的成功呢?因为整洁的房间能够让你保持头脑清醒,而杂乱的屋子会让你头脑混乱。如果你不能保持房间的整洁,你将永远无法真正感觉到房间井然有序。这些小的方面对于成就的取得是必不可少的。
法则10:每天读报。每天定时读份报很有好处,它使大脑能够保持活跃,就像做智力体操。而且经常读报才能清楚掌握国内外政治、经济、生活趋势,帮助你拓展视野,增长见识,从而有助学业上获得成功。
法则19:每节课上提一个问题。要想在每节课上都保持精神高度集中,这是一件非常不容易的'事。尤其是饭后,经常在上课时就会有昏昏欲睡的感觉。有一个在课堂上保持旺盛精力的方法,就是:保证每节课至少提一个问题。这样在老师讲课时你就可以根据讲解修正和完善你的问题,加强你对所学内容的理解,得到更好的课堂体验。
法则24:穿戴整齐去上课。穿戴整齐会让你自我感觉良好,而且还会使你这一天更加正式。你身上就会散发出要过好这一天的信息。
法则27:课外多练笔。对于一个大学生,写作非常重要。只有当你能够清楚完整地表达自己的思想时,才能在学业上取得长足进步。
法则31:不要在房间里学习。对于学习来说,能够有一个不受外界干扰、安静有效率的环境是十分重要的。而在寝室里,外界的各种干扰随时存在。在图书馆,干扰较少,周围都是成排的书籍,到处都是勤奋学习的同学,这种氛围就会让你能够迅速开始学习任务。
法则35:积极参加客座讲座。大学总是会定期邀请一些专家、学者举办讲座。积极参加这些讲座不仅仅能拓展你的知识领域,还会激发你新的想法,点燃你的智慧之火。
法则48:学会聆听。在大学里,要培养的一个重要技能就是学会聆听。通常人们都愿意去表达自己的观点,和别人进行争论,而能够在聊天中耐心聆听别人的观点的人是很少的。因此,学会聆听能够赢得别人对你的尊重,让你成为见多识广的人。
法则52:拥有一本学习进展记录本。在长期的学习过程中,总会遇到些困难让你进展不下去。解决的办法就是记录你的学习进展过程,这样可以帮助你更好地掌握时间,提高效率,遵循计划。
这本书就像是一本启迪之书,帮助你找到大学生活中最完美的平衡点,帮助你翻开独立生活的新篇章,成为你大学生活中的好伙伴。
资源约束的主要表现为管理队伍建设经费投入的不足。高校大规模扩招,但所获取的办学资源却没有得到较大改善,即使利用银行贷款,也主要用来加大校园改造和建设力度,而用于人才队伍建设上的经费则很少。特别是在我国现行的评价体系下,高校一般对教学和科研比较重视,对管理队伍建设上投入的经费就更少了。为维持高校的正常运转,也为很多高校“创一流”的目标,高校一方面对管理工作提出了更高的要求和目标,对管理人员的素质也提出了更高的标准和要求,另一方面高校又普遍忽视管理人员的需求和情感,对管理队伍的建设缺乏重视和长远规划,而且在涉及管理队伍和师资队伍的相关利益抉择时往往会牺牲管理人员的利益,这种状况极易造成管理者的心理失衡,挫伤管理者的工作积极性。而且管理工作的特殊性决定了其不易出成果,管理业绩又较少与个人联系在一起,这不利于实现知识分子个人价值的普遍愿望,因此从内驱力来说管理者也没有足够的工作动力和热情。
organizations
who are managers
A manager is someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished.
How do we define who managers are
we have first-line managers, the lowest level of management ,manage the work of nonmanagerial employees who typically are involved with producing the organization’s products or servicing the organization’s customers. First-line managers often have the title of supervisor, but they may also called shift managers, district managers, department managers, office managers, or even foreperson. middle managers include all levels of management between the first level and the top level of the organization. These managers manage the work of first-line managers and may have titles such as regional manager, project leader, plant manager, or division manager. At or near the upper levels of the organizational structure are the top managers, who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization. These individuals typically have titles such as executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairperson.
what is management
management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively.
Efficiency refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs.
Effectiveness is often described as doing things right, that is, not wasting resources.
what do managers do
management researchers have, after many years of study, developed three specific categorization schemes to describe what managers do: functions, roles, and skills. management functions
Planning: managers define goals, establish strategies for achieving those goals, and develop plans to integrate and coordinate activities.
organizing: managers are responsible for arranging and structuring work to accomplish the organization’s goals.
Leading: managers motivate subordinate, help resolve work group conflicts, influence individuals or teams as they work, select the most effective communication channel, or deal in any way with employee behavior issues.
controlling: managers have to monitor, compare and correct everything that is deviating. management roles
The term management roles refers to specific categories of managerial behavior.
Interpersonal roles are roles that involve people and other duties that are ceremonial symbolic in nature. The three interpersonal roles include figurehead, leader, and liaison.
Informational roles involve collecting, receiving, and disseminating information. The three informational roles are monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson.
Decisional roles entail making decisions or choices. The four decisional roles are entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator.
management skills
Technical skills are the job-specific knowledge and techniques needed to proficiently perform specific tasks. These skills tend to be more important for lower-level managers because they typically are managing employees who are suing tools and techniques to produce the organization’s products or service the organization’s customers.
Human skills involve the ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group. Because managers deal directly with people, these skills are essential and equally important at all levels of management.
conceptual skills are the skills managers use to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situations. Using these skills, managers must see the organization as a whole, understand the relationships among various subunits, and visualize how the organization fits into its broader environment.
How the manager’s job is changing
what is an organization
An organization is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose.
Becoming a manager
1. Keep up with current business news.
2. Read books about good and bad examples of managing.
3. Remember that one of the things good managers do is discover what is unique about each
person and capitalize on it.
4. Keep in mind the simple advice of the late Peter Drucker, who has been called the most
influential management thinker of the twentieth century: management is about people.
5. work on your soft skills—work ethic, communications, information gathering, and people
skills. These are what employers cite as the most important factors for getting jobs.
6. observe managers and how they handle people and situations.
7. Talk actual managers about their experiences—good and bad.
8. Get experience in managing by taking on leadership roles in student organizations.
9. Start thinking about whether you’d enjoy being a manager.
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