导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
三年级的暑假,我们接到了一个令人震撼的消息,我们的数学老师要换了,原来的老师要去乡下教书,要来一个新的数学老师。
在四年级以前,我们班的数学成绩一直不怎么样,这次新老师过来,不知道我们班的成绩会上升还是会下降。想想以前的徐老师,她上课时总是闹哄哄的,实在没办法,只能用大组积分制强制镇压我们,由于年纪小,居然奇迹般的奏效了。不知道这次新老师会用怎样的方式来治理我们课堂的纪律,以及我们班的问题学生小s,他要怎么对付?我心中充满了期待。
拿出手机,在班级群里一看,发现八卦的小c同学听说新来的老师布置的作业比较少,看到这则消息,双手不禁有些微微颤抖——我太兴奋了。之前的徐老师每天要我们做3~5面的口算还有作业本一课,几乎每周五就有几张试卷降临在我们的眼前,作业简直多得不像话。只是不知道新老师作业布置的“少”到底是多少。
不知道新老师上课上的有不有趣。原本我对数学并不怎么感兴趣,对那什么大组积分都懒的看它一眼,每天数学课上坚持睡觉,不知道新老师能否提高我对数学的兴趣。
开学的前几天,我和几位同学提早来到教室,打扫教室和布置教室的重任被交给了我们。几位女生在门前议论着什么,我竖起了耳朵开始偷听,没想到,有一个不得了的消息传入了耳朵,“听说那个老师跟徐老师一样都姓徐呢。”“居然姓一样!”我在心中感叹道。
希望这位即将到来的.新数学老师能提高我们班的成绩吧。
一个非常不幸的消息悄无声息地来了,“二姑奶奶的病情又恶化了。只剩不到半年的时间了,我们再去看一下她吧!”妈妈说完后,叹了一口气。
听爷爷说,二奶奶奶的大脑神经几乎已经没用了,腿也走不动了,虽然,我与二奶奶的关系可以算是很远的亲戚,但是得知这个消息后,还是不免有些伤感。
那天,我们一家去医院,去看望二姑奶奶,她在重病监护室,看望的家属都得一个一个进,还得戴上手套和帽子,穿上衣服,活生生的像是要帮病人做手术的医生一样。那次还算幸运,有位护士带着我进了病房,我来到了她的病床前,二姑奶奶脸色很难看,病房里也静得出奇,耳边一直回响着测心率那台机器“嘀嘀”的声音,姑奶奶看见了我,像见了个陌生人一样,接着,她又像树懒一样,用缓慢的语速对我说:“你……是……谁……?”我并没有摆出一副很惊奇的样子,毕竟爷爷和我说过姑奶奶大脑神经已经坏死。
我仍面带微笑,向奶奶介绍自己,把周围能说的关系都说了一遍,虽然她依然一副没想起来的样子。我走出了病房,坐在走廊的椅子上,叹了一大口气,照这样下去,离与二奶奶永别的日子不远了。
最近大人们都很是紧张,以前每天都来接我的爷爷,也天天去医生看望姑奶奶了;每天晚上吃饭时,全家唯一一起聊天的时间也被姑奶奶的事给占满了。
现在总是会回想起以前姑奶奶还健康时的样子,她那时候可谓是大家的开心果,每次一大家子聚餐时,都能做出一些搞笑的表情逗大家笑,可现在却马上要离开我们了,一想起来都觉得十分可惜与伤感。
还处在童年欢乐时光的我们,是过一天多加一天,而二姑奶奶的生命却进入了倒计时……
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
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