导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
从说明内容上可以分为事物说明文和事理说明文,事物说明文旨在介绍某一事物的形体特征,如《中国石拱桥》;事理说明文旨在解释事物本身的道理或内部规律地,如《统筹方法》等。 从语言表达方式上可分为平实说明文和文艺性说明文。
It ______ ______ ______ the train will be late.
答案:is likely that
2. It is likely that the typhoon will sweep across the island.
The typhoon ______ ______ ______ ______ across the island.
答案:is likely to sweep
3. I think trying to stop the couple quarrelling will be of no use.
I think it's ______ ______ ______ to stop the couple quarrelling.
答案:no use trying
4. Every time I was in trouble, he had no hesitation in helping me.
Every time I was in trouble, he came to help me ______ ______.
答案:without hesitation
5. He never hesitates to help if I have any problem.
He always helps me ______ ______ if I have any problem.
答案:without hesitation
6. I crossed the street so as not to meet him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
I crossed the street to ______ ______ him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
答案:avoid seeing
7. It seems that the students in that class have all passed the qualified exam.
All of the students in that class ______ ______ ______ ______ the qualified exam.
答案:seem to have passed
8. It seems that the boys of the class are playing football on the playground.
The boys of the class ______ ______ ______ ______ football on the playground.
答案:seem to be playing
在整体上,理解或概括全文的内容,准确抓住全文的中心句,把握说明的对象的特征,辨别与判定说明的顺序,准确地看出全文的结构特点,快速判断文中的说明方法,正确筛选和提炼文中的信息,领会作品中所体现的科学精神和科学思想方法,联系文章与生活实践谈自己的感受、发现或设想,等等。
在局部或细节上,准确抓住文段的中心句,给不同结构的段落划分层次,要言不烦地对文段的内容、事物的特点进行概括或诠释,品析说明的语言,说明词或句子的含义、词或句子的表达作用及语言的表达特点,根据文章内容对陌生的科技内容进行阐释,对答题的理由进行解说,对文中的有关内容进行创造性的文字再表达,阅读图形,辨识表格,解说表格,或者根据文章某些内容设计表格,或画出图形,等等。
(1 空间顺序
任何事物都有空间性。说明文抓住这个特点构成自己的条理,或者从上到下,或者从外到内,或者从左到右,或者从南到北,或者从远到近,或者从中间到四周,或者从整体到部分。在介绍某有建筑物的结构,说明某种产品的构造,介绍某一地方情况时都可以用这种方法安排材料,是读者对事物的各个部分和整体都有较明晰的认识。
(2 时间顺序
即按照时间先后顺序来安排。事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程。有些说明文根据事物的时间性,把事物的各部分组成先后关系,这也是一种条理性。介绍生物知识的说明文一般都是先发生的先写,后发生的后写。介绍生产技术和工作方法的说明文,一般按照生产和工作的程序,逐一说明。
(3 逻辑顺序
有些说明文主要是剖析事理的,在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排,或者从主到次,或者从浅到深,或者从原因到结果,构成严密的条理性。有些说明文还可以按事物的性质分几个方面来安排,这几个方面的材料就形成了一种并列关系。
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