Long, long ago, there were two brothers, the one rich and the other poor. When Christmas Eve came, the poor one had not a bite in the house, either of meat or bread; so he went to his brother, and begged him, in God's name, to give him something for Christmas Day. It was by no means the first time that the brother had been forced to give something to him, and he was not better pleased at being asked now than he generally was.
"If you will do what I ask you, you shall have a whole ham," said he. The poor one immediately thanked him, and promised this.
"Well, here is the ham, and now you must go straight to Dead Man's Hall," said the rich brother, throwing the ham to him.
"Well, I will do what I have promised," said the other, and he took the ham and set off. He went on and on for the livelong day, and at nightfall he came to a place where there was a bright light.
"I have no doubt this is the place," thought the man with the ham.
An old man with a long white beard was standing in the outhouse, chopping Yule logs.
"Good-evening," said the man with the ham.
"Good-evening to you. Where are you going at this late hour?" said the man.
"I am going to Dead Man's Hall, if only I am on the right track," answered the poor man.
"Oh! yes, you are right enough, for it is here," said the old man. "When you get inside they will all want to buy your ham, for they don't get much meat to eat there; but you must not sell it unless you can get the hand-mill which stands behind the door for it. When you come out again I will teach you how to stop the hand-mill, which is useful for almost everything."
So the man with the ham thanked the other for his good advice, and rapped at the door.
Life has its ups and downs, and only true friends always stay around. Like anyone else, I have got many friends. They often help me when I’m in trouble. Especially, when I fail in an examination, they always care for me and encourage me to study harder. Last year, when I was hurt in a basketball game, my friends took me to the nearby hospital at once and look after me by turns. In my eyes, friends are the most precious wealth that one should treasure all his life.
针对作文判卷的运作方式,我们可以有针对性地调整写作策略,争取在作文上多拿10-15分。
策略一:书写认真、工整
判卷老师不会给一份阅读都很困难的作文打高分的.。
策略二:开篇入题,吸引眼球
判卷老师不可能仔细读你的全文,如果开篇不能扣题而且无新意,那你的作文很容易被扔进40分的那一堆里。
策略三:语言生动,切忌啰唆
纵观历年满分作文,没有一篇充斥口水话的,洗练是高考作文必须具备的。
策略四:多准备素材
这不是写作的好方法,高考拿分却很有效。有专家也曾批评过现在的语文教师违心教学,称他们鼓励考生大量使用名人,并用猜题的方式给学生指导作文。但不可否认的是,这么做很合多数阅卷老师的口味,至少现在如此。
策略五:不要写得呆板、模式化
高考作文阅卷的问题不是标准问题,而是中学语文教师在作文教学过程中“求稳求保险”,造成学生作文不敢“出格”,文风普遍四平八稳,八股味浓厚。这就导致了高考作文要么文艺腔十足,要么忧国忧民,显出一种和考生年龄不相符的文风。虽然这种文章前些年被大量当做示范文,但近年来明显风头已变。
策略六:用朴实的语句搭文章框架
文章脉络必须清晰,主架构不要太多修饰。别指望判卷老师有心情仔细揣摩大段拗口的“文学作品”。我们可以就一篇文章作这样的构思:
第1段150字左右:写出中心论点,首选单句形式,且是判断句或肯定句,绝对不用复句(复句容易走题,影响得分;点出写作的由头,作文题中含有的提示性文字材料,一定要有所涉及。
第2段200字左右:段首讲述分论点一,如第一节的内容是几个分论点的简单组合,则“分论点一”适宜放在段尾。这样和分论点二、分论点三的位置区别开来,使行文有变化。“分论点一”论证不许举例,采用纯分析的说理论据展开。
第3段200字左右:段首讲述分论点二,采用举例论证,首选作文题提示中的例子来分析论证,同时也可辅助一个自己举的例子,自己举的例子要比前例文字少。如没有作文题提示中的例子,则自己举个典型的例子来分析论证,同样要求叙写例子的文字一定要比分析论证的文字少。否则对文体特征会产生重创,影响得分。
第4段200字左右:段首讲述分论点三,采用联系实际举例,这是写作本文的时代意义所在。联系的实际可以是学习、生活、社会任何一个方面,目的是或提高思想认识,或明确是非正邪,或提出解决的方法途径,或揭示某种疑难迷惑,总之要给人以启发。
第5段150字左右:要再现中心论点,扣住中心论点写出作用、意义、号召、展望等。
策略七:学会把窄题变成宽题
作文教学研究专家王大绩先生更是认为“熟悉的生活的确可以适应所有命题”。他曾经举过这样一个例子:一位著名歌手,最擅长演唱《我的中国心》。我们当然可以为主持人设计一段串接台词,把他请上各种晚会的舞台上。
1.中华民族从来就不缺乏凝聚力,越是危急时刻,我们胸中那颗中国心跳动的节奏就越加铿锵有力。下面请听《我的中国心》。
2.佳节倍思家,天涯共此时。此时此地,我们的心跳动着同样的节拍,让我们同唱这一首心中的歌。
近年来,中考作文难度有所下降,体裁已不再进行单一地限制,试题一般都有“除诗歌外文体不限”的提示,考生可以自由地选择最擅长的文体进行写作,但是从考场作文情况来看,不少同学误以为“淡化文体”就是不要文体,“文体不限”就是取消文体,致使所写的文章文体特点不突出,有的文章开头像议论文,有论点,也有论据,可写着写着就变成了记叙文;有的文章写成了记叙文,可又缺少时间、地点、事件等要素,这样的文章自然无法讲清道理,写清故事,显得不伦不类,中考作文要避免四种毛病。
一般说来,的创新构思,可有下列切入角 度。
一、从话题的另一意义的角度切入
许多中考话题都具有多义性,若只盯住其本义或其常用义,则构思很难出新,写出的作文虽不跑题但也显得一般化,若撇开其本义或常见义,转而从其引申义或 其比喻义的角度切入,构思定能出新。如黑龙江省2001年的中考话题是"水",若从自然界之"水"这个意思层面上去理解,把"水"当成名词,则构思很难出 新;若把"水"理解成形容词,如"这个人很水",在这个层面上理解"水"的意思,则其拟题、行文都会很有新意。
二、从缩小话题内涵的角度切入
有许多中考话题的意思非常宽泛,若给话题加上一些限制语或修饰语,便缩小了话题的内涵,有利于考场作文出新出奇。如海南省中考话题是"第一次",便应 缩小其内涵,才有利于构思选材,考场作文才能出新出奇。这里要强调的是:添加的限制语或修饰语,必须避开众生皆谈、人云亦云的误区,要从自己的材料库中那 许多不为人知的人、事、景、物着手。这样,新颖、独特的作文内容就会流于笔底,并能紧紧地抓住阅卷老师的眼和心。
三、从话题的逆向思维角度切入
围绕话题,自我多方设问,多方求答,用以开启思维,立意选材,这是众多考生的一般作法。然而,绝大多数考生只知沿着话题正向发问,而很少有逆向发 问的。如江西省2001年中考话题"尊重",考生可以提出"何为尊重"、"谁尊重谁"、"为什么要尊重"、"谁可做尊重或被他人尊重的典范"等等问题,这 些都是从正面发问,没能跳出常规思维的圈子;若舍弃"正向",从"逆向"角度思考发问,"为什么谁不尊重谁"、"不尊重他人好不好,为什么"、"不尊重的 事例或现象有哪些"、"怎样消除不尊重现象"等等,如此这般的提问思考,文章的构思、选材就避开了老调,步入了新境。
四、从话题的另一时空的角度切入
围绕考试话题,写自己经历的事,写自己身边的事,从家庭时空、从社会时空、从学校时空范围去立意选材,这本无不可。但这都是从话题的"现实时空"去构 思的。若能启动联想、想象或幻想,从话题的"过去时空"或"未来时空"角度去构思,只要联想、想象或幻想的人、事、景、物合乎情理,不管写的是话题的"过 去时空"或"未来时空",只要能含蓄、曲折地反映话题的"现实时空",便能写出颇具新意的考场作文来。如四川省德阳市2001年的中考话题"初三生活", 若一般人可能都会写自己或同龄人的初三生活,若启动联想、想象或幻想,写爷爷、奶奶的初三生活或几十年以后自己子孙的初三生活,只要合乎情理,则定能让阅 卷老师耳目一新,从而拍案叫绝。
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