1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
For thousands of years, animals have trodden a slow path, their spirits together with the body。 But our human being\'s transportation is too fast。 The body moves but the soul is left behind。 We try to free ourselves in convenience, but we only imprison the soul。 Since we invented how to count hours, we do everything to short the time, short the deadline。 But the time saved can\'t be shorten。 Nowadays, we spend lots of time staying in front of a TV just changing the channels, while we have no time to talk with a good friend or play with our family。 We have plenty of time to search old news on the internet, while we hardly think about our life。 In the end, the only thing apparent is our loneliness。
Take your time, please。 Try to follow the natural steps and have your own clock。 Try to share your time with everybody you love, share your mind, your happiness and sadness。 Try to read the world we live in, do not only catch a quick glimpse at the society。
Someday, when we know how to spend every second in our life, we can then live our own life。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
同学们,每年的十月十六日是“世界粮食日”,我们国家将“世界粮食日”所在的一周定为“爱惜粮食,节约粮食宣传周”,你们知道这是为什么吗?它是根据我们国家的国情确定的。
也许有同学认为,节约几粒米没有多大用场,让我们一起来算笔帐:如果一个人一天节约一粒米,全国13亿人可节约2186万斤,这么多米可以救济4000多灾民吃10年,可以给1000多名学生吃60年,所以节约粮食有特别重大的意义但是,在我们的同学中,却普遍存在着浪费粮食的现象。不知道大家注意到没有:每天早上在咱们校门口的垃圾箱内,有许多同学把吃剩的馒头、油条、面包丢在里面;在学校吃饭的同学,也经常把大碗大碗的饭、菜倒在泔水桶内,这实在令人心痛。据有关部门估计,全国每年浪粉的粮食,足够5000万人吃一年,多么惊人的浪费啊!
我想:在座的每一位同学都会背古诗《锄禾》吧。锄禾日当午,汗滴禾下土。谁知盘中餐,粒粒皆辛苦。我们可以从这首古诗中可以看出粮食的珍贵。据统计,一粒粮食从播种到收割,再加工成成品粮,至少要经过20多道工序,这中间包含了农民多少辛勤的劳动,每一粒粮食都浸透了农民的心血和汗水。
同学们,我们是中华民族的新一代,要继承勤俭节约的传统美德,在“节粮宣传周”里,在以后的每一天,要开展爱粮惜粮,节约粮食的宣传活动,要求人人从自己做起,个个养成爱粮节粮的好习惯。
今年放暑假我去了南方农村的奶奶家,度过了一个炎热而难忘的假期。年过八旬的奶奶由于长年劳累已经腰弯背驼,可是她仍然是过着日出而作,日落而息的生活。天天看着她这样的`辛苦劳作,在我脑海中不由得萌生出帮奶奶一起去种地的念头。奶奶只是给我安排一些简单的任务:把肥料均匀的洒在庄稼地里。我学着奶奶的样子,把肥料一瓢瓢地浇在地里,肥料的气味吹散开,我看着直想呕吐。正在浇的时候,我突然发现从地缝里钻出一只蜈蚣,吓得我头皮炸起。可奶奶依然淡定的忙碌着。看着奶奶那么平静,我觉得自己虽然五尺男儿却如此胆怯,内心非常惭愧。接着,我跟着奶奶把成熟的豆角儿一个个从藤架上摘到筐里。我们一边摘豆角,奶奶一边给讲什么样的农作物在什么时期可以摘下来,什么时期还不能摘。我从劳作中体会到粮食的来之不易。忙碌了一天下来,汗水浸湿了整件衣服,在阳光的炙烤下,皮肤变得黝黑,而且起满了痱子,奇痒难忍。我不禁问奶奶: 为什么您这么大年岁还要耕地。难道您不闲累吗? 奶奶严肃的对我说: 爷爷奶奶年轻的时候,只有靠种地维持生计。在你爸爸出生后的那一年,正逢大旱,地面干裂,所有的庄稼都枯萎了。那一年因为饥荒饿死了很多人。奶奶一家人几口人只能从干裂的土地下刨出些可食的野菜充饥。这样才能幸存下来。 奶奶并没有告诉我为什么要种地,但是我从她的经历中感受到她对土地的挚爱,对土地给予她一切的感激。
对于我们这一代人来说,节约粮食的意识并不是很强,在城里长大的孩子,更难体会到粮食从耕种到收获是多么的艰辛。尽管我们每天都在老师的熏陶之下,承诺尽量不去浪费粮食,但难免还是会把剩饭倒掉。盛多少、倒与不倒,一念之差。如果没有去切身体会,是感受不到农民的辛劳。更难以理解粮食的来之为易。
土地给予我们丰盛的食物,如果我们一昧的浪费它,总有一天这份有限的资源也会因此而匮乏,我们只有去珍惜它,生活才能变得更幸福。
Time flies like an arrow before we realize it .It is known that nothing is more precious than time. The good old proverb "time is money" reminds us that time is valuable. When time goes by, it will never return. However, it is a pity that some people don't make full use of their time .They spend a lot of time in sleeping, chatting playing computer games or other unmeaning matters. . They don't realize that wasting time is actually equal to killing themselves. They always regret not having made great achievements. One of the reasons may be they do not make good use of time. Therefore, in order to be successful, they should first get into the habit of being on time. It’s a sign of cherishing time. Don't put off what can be done today until tomorrow. Being lazy will eventually lead to failure. Don't wait, because you don't know how long it will take when you put off your plan.
The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in study or job.
© 2022 xuexicn.net,All Rights Reserved.