练习一
1.Wedoourhomeworkeveryevening.(改为否定句)
We_________________ourhomeworkeveryevening.对划线部分提问
________________dotheyhaveaclassmeeting?
3.Shecouldhardlyunderstandthispassage.(改为反意疑问句
Shecouldhardlyunderstandthispassage,___________________?
4.Themanagertoldhimhowtogetusefulinformation.(改为否定句
Themanager__________________himhowtogetusefulinformation.
5.Tom’ssistercanspeakEnglishandJapaneseverywell.(改为反意疑问句
Tom’ssistercanspeakEnglishandJapaneseverywell,__________________?
对划线部分提问
__________________helivetwentyyearsago?
7.Samdoessomecleaninginthemorning.(改为否定句
Sam_________do_________cleaninginthemorning.
对划线部分提问
__________________havethestudentsworkedonthesurvey?
9.Yourfatherusedtorideabike.(改成反意问句)
Yourfatherusedtorideabike,_______________?(对划线提问)
_____________________thepopulationofGermany?
11.Mr.Wangwasheshiscaronceamonth.(改为一般疑问句)
Mr.Wang(对划线部分提问
willSusancomebackfromAthens?
13.MyfriendslosttheirwaywhentheyweretravelinginHongKong.(改为一般疑问句
________yourfriends________theirwaywhentheyweretravelinginHongKong?
14.对划线部分提问
________________hasYaoMingbeenintheRocketTeam?
15.Sheputthedigitalcameraonthebedjustnow.(改为否定句
She__________________thedigitalcameraonthebedjustnow.
16.Mark'sflowntoHainanIslandforwinterholidays.(改为反意疑问句
Mark'sflowntoHainanIslandforwinterholidays,__________________?
(专辑.(划线部分提问
_________didSuperGirlZhouBichang_________toVienna?
18.I’vealreadysavedenoughmoneytobuyanewcar.(改为否定句
I________savedenoughmoneytobuyacar________.
19.Lilyusedtohavelongstraighthair.(改为反意疑问句
Lilyusedtohavelongstraighthair,________________?
20.Hehasalreadybeenthere.(改为一般疑问句
__________hebeenthere__________?
21.Theydecidedthattheywouldn'thavethepicnicbecauseofthebadweather.(改为简单句
Theydecided___________________havethepicnicbecauseofthebad
weather.
22.TheEnglishpeoplehardlyevershakehandsbetweenthestrangers.(改为反意疑问句
TheEnglishpeoplehardlyevershakehandsbetweenthestrangers,____________________?
23.Theygrewsomesunflowersintheirgardenlastyear.(改为否定句)
They____________________anysunflowersintheirgardenlastyear.
24.Janedrinksmilkeverymorning.(改为一般疑问句)
_________Jane___________milkeverymorning?(就划线部分提问)
___________map___________toClass4?
26.Youcanchooseonlyoneofthetwo:amini-TVoraDVDplayer.(改为选择疑问句
youwantamini-TVaDVDplayer?
27.Thatdetectivefilmissoamazing.(改为感叹句)
______________________amazingdetectivefilm!
28.Hehassomemoneyleft.(改成否定句)
Hemoneyleft.
29.(划线部分提问)
dothemembersofthefilmsocietymeet?
30.Hismotherknewwhythelittleboywasunhappyallday.(改为一般疑问句
_______hismother_______whytheboywasunhappyallday?
31.Helooksveryfunnywiththathaton.(改为感叹句
______________helookswiththathaton!.对划线部分提问
______________theybuildthisfactory?
33.Ihavealreadyfinishedthetestpaper.(改为否定句)
I________finishedthetestpaper________.
34.Johnsondeniedcheatinginthecompetition.(改为反意疑问句)
Johnsondeniedcheatinginthecompetition,________________?(对划线部分提问)________________thestoryneedtobefunny?
36.Samdoessomecleaninginthemorning.(改为否定句
Sam_________do_________cleaninginthemorning.
对划线部分提问__________________havethestudentsworkedonthesurvey?
38.(对划线部分提问)__________________hashebeenatopfashiondesigner?
39.对划线部分提问
________________willtheymoveintothenewschool?
40.togotothePeople’sSquarebyunderground.(对划线部分提问
_______________didittakeyoutogotothePeople’sSquarebyunderground?
练习二:
1.Goldislessvaluablethandiamond.(保持句意不变
Goldis________________valuableasdiamond.
2.HetoldthechildrentogoandwatchhistankofGhostfish.(改为被动语态Thechildren________________togoandwatchhistankofGhostfish.
3.UnlessIhaveaquietroom,Icannotdoanywork.(保持句意不变)
Icannotdoanywork________I_________haveaquietroom.
4.Themanagerarrivedhereafewminutesago.(保持句意不变)
Themanagerhas_________here________afewminutes.
5.TheywillsendhimtoworkinJapanforoneyear.(改为被动语态
Hewill_________________toworkinJapanforoneyear.
6.Thewordsonthenoticeboardareverysmall.Ican’tseethemclearly.(保持句子原意
ThewordsonthenoticeboardaresmallIcan’tseethem
clearly.
7.Wecansolvetheproblemswiththehelpoftheteacher.(改为被动语态Theproblemscan__________________withthehelpoftheteacher.
8.Wecan’tfinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.(保持原句意思
It’s__________________ustofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.
9.Wemustkeepthenoiseunder50dbs.(分贝(改成被动语态)
Thenoisemust_______________under50dbshere.
10.Mikedoesn’tlikeclassicalmusic.Billydoesn’teither.(合并成一句)_________MikenorBilly__________classicalmusic.
11.Theroomissodirtythatwecan’tliveinit.(保持句意不变)
Theroomisn’t___________________forustolivein.
12.Nooneknowswhenwewillstarttomorrow.(保持原句意思)
Nooneknowsstarttomorrow.
13.TheSmithswillinvitetheprofessortotakepartintheparty.(改成被动语态totakepartinthepartybytheSmiths.
14.Ifyouarenotbrave,you’llloseyourlastchance.(保持原句意思)
youare’llloseyourlastchance.
15.Theystoremuchinformationinthecomputer.(改成被动语态
Muchinformation________________inthecomputer.
16.Don’tthrowrubbishhereandthere.Ourteachersaidtous.(合并为一句
Ourteachertoldus________________throwrubbishhereandthere.
17.IfJohndoesn’tapologizeforwhathedid,Iwilltelltheteacherabouthisbadbehavior.(保持原句意思)
_______John_______forwhathedid,Iwilltelltheteacherabouthisbadbehavior.
18.Idon'tknowwherewecangrowvegetablesinthecity.(改为简单句Idon'tknow__________________growvegetablesinthecity.
19.PeopleusedtoenjoythemselveschattingonMSNwhenitworkedwell.(保持句意基本不变
Peopleusedto_________alotof_________chattingonMSNwhenitworkedwell.
20.Ifyoudon’timproveyourhandwriting,youwilllosemarksintheexam.(合成同义句
Youwilllosemarksintheexam________you________yourhandwriting.
21.Togofishingisfun.(句意不变)
_____isfun___________fishing.
22.Dickwassoshortthathecouldn’ttouchthetopofthebookshelf.(保持句意基本不变)
Dickwasn’t____________________toreachthetopofthebookshelf.
23.“CanIborrowyourbikeforawhileornot?”(保持句意基本不变)
Tomaskedhissister__________he__________borrowherbikeornotforawhile.
24.Thecouplecouldn’tdecidewhichflattheyshouldchooseatfirst.(保持原句意思)
Thecouplecouldn’tdecidewhichflatatfirst.
25.Meaninglessinformationisdifficultforthelittleboytoremember.(保持原句意思)
isdifficultforthelittleboyremembermeaninglessinformation.
26.Peoplethrowawaymillionsofplasticbagsinourcityeveryday.(改成被动语态)
Millionsofplasticbagsawayinourcity.
27.Shewassocarelessthatshecouldn’tfindthemistakesinhertestpaper.(保持句意基本不变
Shewas______________tofindthemistakesinhertestpaper.
28.WewillholdthenextOlympicGamesinBeijingin2008.(改为被动语态)
ThenextOlympicGameswill______________inBeijingin2008.
29.Theelderlymanpushedthebirdsintotheriver.(改为被动语态)
Thebirds________________intotheriverbytheelderlyman.
30.Dolphinsaresocleverthattheycanfollowtheinstructions.(保持句意基本不变)Dolphinsare________________tofollowtheinstructions.
31.Wecan’tfinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.(保持原句意思
It’s__________________ustofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.
32.TheyinvitedtheastronautandhiswifetothepartyonChristmasEve.(改为被动语态
Theastronautandhiswife__________________tothepartyonChristmasEve.
33.Thelittlegirldidn’tgotobedunlessthegrandmothertoldherastory.(保持句意基本不变
Thelittlegirldidn’tgotobed_________thegrandmother_________tellherastory.
34.Theplaneissobigthatitcancarry300passengersatonetime.(改为简单句)
Theplaneisbig__________________carry300passengersatonetime.
35.Didtheyknowtheanswertothequestion?Ididn’tknow…(合并为一句Ididn’tknow________theyhad________theanswertothequestion.
1、对象:
①事物说明文:看标题。如:《中国石拱桥》《苏州园林》等。
②事理说明文:不能仅看标题。如《死海不死》的说明对象是“死海不死”的原因。注意:①一定要通读全文、整体感知后在确定,不能只看标题。
②不要把说明文中的局部的说明对象误认为是全文的说明对象。
2、特征:这是一事物区别于其他事物的标志。
方法:
(1)直接筛选法:抓住文中的关键词、句。如文章的标题(《雄伟的人民大会堂》)、全文的中心句(如《苏州园林》:“务必使游客无论站在哪个点上眼前都构成一幅完美的图画”)、段落的中心句、段尾的总结句或承上启下的过渡句(如《中国石拱桥》第二段指出:“石拱桥在世界桥梁史上出现的比较早。这种桥不仅形式优美,而且结构坚固。)
(2)综合概括法:有的文段没有直接表明中心的句子,需要综合全文的内容,小结段意,最后将它们归纳提炼。
整体感知,理清说明顺序,把握文章结构,明确说明对象及其特征。
说明文阅读材料历来十分重视整体内容设计,突出考查整体理解水平的命题特点,这更要求我们在应试阅读中首先应从整体把握阅读材料入手。整体感知阅读材料,还要注意如下几点:
①把握说明对象及其特征或内容要点;
②抓住关键词语、重要语句,贯通全文内容;
③联系试题,突出整体,把握目的性和针对性。
例:《看云识天气》
⑴那最轻盈、站得最高的云,叫卷云。⑵这种云很薄,阳光可以透过云层照到地面,房屋和树木的影子依然很清晰。⑶卷云丝丝缕缕地飘浮着,有时像一片白色的羽毛,有时像一块洁白的绫纱。⑷如果卷云成群成行地排列在空中,好像微风吹过水面引起的粼波,这就成了卷积云。⑸卷云和卷积云的位置很高,那里水分少,它们一般不会带来雨雪。⑹还有一种像棉花团似的白云,叫积云,常在两千米左右的天空,一朵朵分散着,映着温和的阳光,云块四周围散发出金黄的光辉。⑺积云都在上午开始出现,午后最多,傍晚渐渐消散。⑻在晴天,我们还会遇见一种高积云。⑼这是成群的扁球状的云块,排列得很匀称,云块间露出碧蓝的天幕,远远望去,就像草原上雪白的羊群。⑽卷云、卷积云、积云和高积云,都是很美丽的。
题目:
1、上面文段的说明对象分别是:
⑴;⑵;⑶;⑷ 。
2、下列语段的第一层(用“/”表示)第二层(用“//”表示)划分准确的一项是()
A、⑴/⑵⑶//⑷⑸//⑹⑺//⑻⑼⑽
B、⑴⑵⑶//⑷⑸//⑹//⑺⑻⑼/⑽
C、⑴⑵⑶/⑷⑸//⑹⑺//⑻⑼//⑽
D、⑴⑵⑶//⑷⑸//⑹⑺//⑻⑼/⑽
3、本段的中心句是哪一句?
4、本段文字的结构方式是()
A、总分式B、分总式C、总分总式
5、这段文字采用了从现象到本质的说明顺序,说明是现象,说明是本质。
【参考答案】
1、卷云、卷积云、积云、高积云
2、D
3、第⑽句:卷云、卷积云、积云和高积云,都是很美丽的。
4、B
5、云的形态;云和天气变化的关系
1、说明的特点:
说明性、知识性、科学性。
2、说明的顺序:
时间顺序、空间顺序(即按照具体事物的空间位置进行说明、逻辑顺序(即对事物从原因到结果,或从现象到本质,或从特点到用途,或从主要到次要,或从概括到具体等进行说明。
3、说明的方法:
(1下定义
(2作诠释,用通俗的语言对事物或整理的解释说明。
(3分类别,将说明的事物按一定的标准划分成不同类别,一类一类的予以说明。
(4举例子
(5列数字
(6作比较
(7打比方,是通过比喻来说明。
(8摹状貌,借描述事物发展变化的情形和活动过程来说明事物的特征。
(9引用
(10列图表,包括插图和表格两种。
4、说明文的结构:
(1总分式,包括总分总、总分、分总;(2并列式;(3递进式。
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