作文提纲一般包括三部分内容:
1.三味书屋的单调陈设。
2.三味书屋里的生活。
他的背影感动了我
内容和中心:我看到一位外地父亲为儿子学习而忙碌的背影,感动了。我更深刻地理
解了父母的爱。
《简爱》的主人公生存在一个寄人篱下的生活,从小就承受着与同龄人不一样的待遇,姨妈的嫌弃,表姐的蔑视,表哥的侮辱和毒打,还有佣人们的为虎作伥……她出生低微、生活道路曲折,却始终坚持维护独立人格,追求个性自由、主张人生平等的坚强女性。也许正是因为这一切,炼就了简爱无限的信心和坚强不屈的性格,一种可战胜的内在人格力量,促使她坚定不移地去追求一种光明的、圣洁的、美好的生活。
过了一段日子,姨妈因为嫌弃简〃爱太吵,就把她送到劳渥德学校。在学校,饥饿、疾病、精神的多种折磨,没有使她放弃希望,她终于学有所成,成功应聘到桑菲尔德庄园做家庭教师。
在桑菲尔德庄主——罗切斯特的面前,她从不因为自己是一个地位低贱的家庭教师而感到自卑,反而认为他们是平等的。也正因为她的正直、高尚、纯洁,心灵没有受到世俗社会的污染,使得罗切斯特为之震撼,并把她看作是一个可以和自己在精神上平等交谈的人,并深深地爱上她。
当得知罗切斯特还有一个疯了的合法妻子时,她拒绝了他的爱。她的爱情观不掺杂念,她不做金钱的奴隶,不做别人的附庸,她永远是是独立的个体。她虽然说要遵守法律和道德的约束,但是从内心更深处来讲,简爱意识到自己受了欺骗,她的自尊心受到了戏弄。尽管她深爱着罗切斯特,但道德、法律及她的内心的自尊自爱促使她作出了一个非常理性的决定。在爱情力量的包围之下,在富裕的生活的诱惑之下,她依然要坚持自己个人的尊严,这是简〃爱最具有精神魅力的地方。
简爱的一生是不断抗争的一生,从盖茨海德庄园到劳渥德学校,从劳渥德学校到桑菲尔德庄园,又从桑菲尔德庄园到荒原庄,她一直都在为自己的自由和幸福抗争着。
无论在当时的英国,还是如今的现实社会,简〃爱这种追求个人独立与幸福的不懈努力的精神值得那些迷失在金钱与权势的迷宫里的人们反思。
简爱凭着自己的精神力量和对美好动人的爱情的憧憬和向往,才有着前进的勇力和力量。
【习作题目】
Students Grading of Their Teachers
1.学生给老师打分已很普遍;
2.人们对其持不同态度(肯定或否定的态度);
3.你的看法。
【习作解读】
显然,此任务是写一篇议论文,主题为对学生给老师打分的现象进行议论,开放性较大。学生应根据实际情况,从多个方面阐述其原因并表达自己对这种现象的观点和态度。该话题更加贴近学生的实际生活,但有一定的语言难度,也有一定的思想深度。通过此文的写作,也从侧面提示了学生在注重写作基础训练的前提下,也应该注重培养积极思考、灵活运用、自由发挥等能力。
此次的写作任务出题相当巧妙,写作内容涉及的词汇和句型都属于新课程标准范围。题目在考查学生写作能力的同时,也在考查学生的分析判断能力及高度概括能力。富有想象力的学生写出的文章可能生动而富有灵性。此题目能引发学生对平日习以为常的行为进行反思,学会换位思考,这对中学生的性格和品德培养非常重要。
【习作展示】
Students Grading of Their Teachers
Nowadays, a lot of schools ask their students to contribute to grading their teachers. As a teacher, it is their responsibility to satisfy their students in all aspects. Meanwhile, it is admirable that school teachers prefer to expose themselves to their students.
If the system of grading of teachers by students is introduced, it will benefit students, teachers and the administration of the school for a number of reasons. For one thing, the system will give teachers and the administration of the school an insight into the minds of the students and show whether the teachers are successful in getting their lessons understood by the students; for another, it will also encourage the good teachers to continue their efforts and motivate themselves. What is more, it will expose those who are not doing enough and will lead them to correct their teaching methods as well as their attitude towards students. Thus the quality of teaching will certainly improve.
In a word, it is a promising concept and will bring surprisingly good results if applied with the right conditions.
【习作点评】
作者观点明确,赞成学生给老师打分。作为老师,就要做一个让学生满意的老师。这样,不仅对学生、学校有利,而且对老师本人也有利。这样,老师就会从另一个角度重新审视自己,看自己是否是一个成功的老师。如果得到学生的认可,这将是对自己的一次鼓励,为继续前行增添动力。如果学生的认可度不高,老师就应进行反思,调控教学方法和教学态度。这样,教学质量肯定会提高。作
者用简洁、明快的语言以及自己的经历列举了充分的论据,内容充实,贴近生活。For one thing, for another, what is more, in a word等过渡词的使用,是短文结构清晰,层次分明。最后,最值得一提的是,文中多次正确运用的高级词汇和复杂句式,给文章增添了不少文采。综上所述,这是一篇不可多得的佳作,值得向大家推荐。
二、写作模板
此模板适用于社会现象类议论文。参考模式如下:
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental There are a couple of reasons behind this problem/phenomenon. For one ;Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people
Nowadays, there exists a common phenomenon—with the development of the Internet, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones to their friends and relatives when an important holiday comes.
There are a couple of reasons behind this phenomenon. For one thing, compared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more lively and interesting. They can give not only pictures but also sound and animation. For another, there are many websites online which offer varieties of cards for you to choose from. What is more, with the popularity of the electronic cards, less paper is used in making paper cards, which does good to our environment.
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that sending greetings by using electronic cards will be accepted by more and more people, not only the young ones.
三、写作指导
写作思路是先列出一个具体的社会问题或者现象,然后分析产生的原因和产生的影响,最后提出解决问题的办法,或者得出结论,或者提出个人看法,或者预测前景。
论点、论据、论证是议论文的三要素。论点是作者对所议论问题所持有的见解和主张,论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理的根据;论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。一般来说,议论文每段都有主题句来确定论点。论证的方法很多,但最常用的是因果分析法。即:分析事实与论点的因果关系,指出取得结果的原因是所要证明的论点,从而达到论证的目的。
在近几年的高考中,议论文的比重占得越来越多,议论文的.出题形式可以多种多样,有看图写作、图表、表格、书信等各种类型,但文体实际是议论文,而有时是夹叙的议论文。议论文的写作要点是:
1. 观点鲜明,文章一定有一个明确的中心论点。
2. 层次分明,一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持,不同层次之间要分明,过渡清晰自然。
3. 最后一段一般要总结全文,得出一个符合逻辑的结论,突出中心思想。
4. 一般采用一般现在时。
5. 语言简洁有力,一般不采用口语。
四、巩固练习
1.【练习题目】
2010年上海世界博览会期间,上万的青年志愿者参加志愿工作,请你谈谈对此现象的看法。
【参考范文】
During the period of holding the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, tens of thousands of young citizens are participating in volunteer work, hoping to devote themselves to the grand occasion. As far as I am concerned, everyone ought to enter for it. Here are the reasons I want to mention.
It can be argued that the advantages of doing unpaid volunteer work are enormous, because volunteer work is actually a two-way street. First of all, volunteer work should always benefit people who need help. Those who need help will feel happier due to our immediate help. On the other hand, as far as the young people ourselves are concerned, we have more opportunities to develop the sense of responsibility, independence as well as interpersonal skills in the process of helping others.
Through this kind of work, we become confident and mature. In addition, we can make many friends and increase our chances of getting the jobs of our dreams. Furthermore, volunteer work plays an active role in building up a harmonious society.
In a word, it is of great value for the young adults to offer volunteer work. The youth volunteers do make a difference by the voluntary work! Why not join them and do something for our country?
2.【练习题目】
某些中学生为了显示自己成熟或表明自己醋而吸烟。请写一篇120词左右的短文,列举吸烟的危害,并提出建议。
【参考范文】
I am sorry to know that more and more middle school students begin to smoke. I think it is wrong to believe that smoking is cool and even think that smoking makes you appear to be mature. In fact, smoking is not cool but very dangerous.
First, smoking can do much damage to health. Scientific researches show that smoking can lead to heart diseases, cancers and other problems. It is reported that about 5 million people die of diseases related to smoking each year all over the world.
Second, it is a waste of money to smoke cigarettes. Smoking can cost a great deal of money. Once you are addicted to it, it is difficult to give it up.
What’s more, smoking can cause fires easily, which may do great damage to your life and your surroundings.
So give up smoking at once! Only in this way can you keep healthy forever.
3. 【练习题目】近年来,越来越多的中学生出国学习,出现了所谓的中学生“出国热”。请根据以下提供的信息,谈谈自己的看法。
1)良好的语言环境,更利于语言学习。
2)拓宽视野,学习国外先进的科学技术。
3)传播各民族间的不同文化。
参考词汇:媒介,中间人:mediator
【参考范文】
In recent years, studying abroad has been popular. Tens of thousands of Chinese middle school students have gone to foreign countries to study.Many people are trying their best to apply to go abroad.
There are a number of reasons for attending schools abroad.First, students who are studying abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures. They can communicate with each other directly and learn about different cultures. Second, they can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries and experience different education methods.Third, they live in foreign countries and take classes given by foreign teachers. As a result, they can learn foreign languages much more quickly.
Therefore, it is advisable to attend schools abroad.
4.【练习题目】随着经济和社会的发展,道路上的私人小汽车越来越多。请根据自己的观察和理解,谈谈自己的观点。
【参考范文】
With the fantastic development both in economy and in society in China, the number of people who own private cars is on the rise. Some people have bought cars of their own, and others are planning to buy cars. But I strongly object to the increase in developing private cars.
I hold that automobiles will give rise to a series of problems. In the first place, as more and more cars are produced and run on the road, a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off, polluting the atmosphere and causing actual harm to the health of people. Next, private cars contribute to traffic jams so greatly that the advantages gained in comfort and freedom are often cancelled out by the frustration caused by traffic jams. The last problem is the increasing number of car accidents that have killed and will kill a lot of people in a friction of a second.
In a word, although automobiles have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of our society, they also bring us numerous troubles such as more serious environmental pollution, more traffic accidents and more energy consumption. They drink up huge amounts of fuel and throw out huge amounts of pollutants. Jams waste our precious time. Therefore, I am against developing private cars.
1.总写百草园是“我”儿时的乐园。
2.百草园的景物和童年生活的情趣。
3.百草园中关于美女蛇的故事。
4.百草园冬天的乐趣:雪天捕鸟。
1、请铭记孩童时期那天真无邪的笑。(用自己小时候安徒生童话和格林童话里的故事构段)
2、请铭记青年时期那羞涩的笑。(朋友阅读徐志摩的及他与林徽音的爱情故事,一位老人寻找初恋情人的故事)
3、请铭记中年时期经历沧桑变幻后舒心的笑。(诗文增色。写爸爸妈妈的日常故事)
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