社会关怀类作文素材以及评价【一】
1、摘录式读书笔记
摘录式读书笔记，是在读书时把与自己学习、工作、研究的问题有关的语句、段落等按原文准确无误地抄录下来。摘录原文后要注明出处，包括题目、作者、出版单位、出版日期，页码等，便于引用和核实。摘录要有选择，以是否有用作为摘录的标准。摘录式笔记可分为：
(1索引读书笔记
索引读书笔记是只记录文章的题目、出处的笔记。如书刊篇目名、编著者、出版年月日、藏书处。如果是书，要记册、章、节，如果是期刊，要记期号，报纸要记年月日和版面，以备日后查找方便。例如：庄照：《也谈为谁立传》，《光明日报?〈史学〉》
(2抄录原文读书笔记
抄录原文读书笔记就是照抄书刊文献中与自己学习、研究有关的精彩语句、段落等作为日后应用的原始材料。摘抄原文要写上分类题目，在引文后面注明出处。
2、评注式读书笔记
评注式读书笔记不单是摘录，而且要把自己对读物内容的主要观点、材料的看法写出来，其中自然也包括表达出笔记作者的感情。评注式笔记有时对摘录的要点做概括的说明。评注式笔记有下列几种：
(1书头批注
书头批注，是一种最简易的读书笔记作法。就是在读书的时候，把书中重要的地方和自己体会最深的地方，用笔在字句旁边的空白处打上个符号，或者在空白处加批注，或者是折页、夹纸条作记号等等。这种笔记方法不但对书中的内容可以加深理解，也为日后查找提供了方便。
(2提纲
提纲是用纲要的形式把一本书或一篇文章的论点、论据提纲挚领地叙述出来。提纲可按原文的章节、段落层次，把主要的内容扼要地写出来。提纲读书笔记可以采用原文的语句和自己的语言相结合的方式来写。
(3提要
提要和提纲不同。提纲是逐段写出来的要点，提要是综合全文写出要点。提要可以完全用自己的语言扼要地写出读物的内容。提要除客观叙述读物内容外，带有一些评述的性质。另一种提要，是对一篇文章或一本书的内容梗概作简要的说明。
(4评注读书笔记
评注读书笔记，是读完读物后对它的得失加以评论，或对疑难之点加以注释，这样的读书笔记叫作评注笔记。例如鲁迅读《蕙櫋杂志》中的一段：清严无照《蕙櫋杂志》：西湖有严嵩和鄂王《满江红》词石刻，甚宏壮。词即慷慨，书亦瘦劲可观，末题华盖大学士。后人磨去姓名，改题夏言。虽属可笔，然亦足以惩奸矣。
案：严嵩篇和岳飞词，有如是作为，后人留词改名，有如是自欺，严先生以为可笔而又许其惩奸，有如是两可。寥寥六十字，写尽三态。(鲁迅《集外集拾遗?书苑折枝(二》
(5补充原文读书笔记
补充原文的读书笔记，是在读完原书或文章之后，感到有不满足的地方进行补充。需要注意的是补充原文不是随意地加以补充，而是要围绕中心思想加以引申或发挥。
3、心得式读书笔记
心得式读书笔记，是在读书之后写出自己的认识、感想、体会和得到的启发与收获的一种笔记。它有如下几种：
(1札记
札记也叫札记，是读书时把摘记的`要点和心得结合起来写成的。这种札记的形式是灵活多样的。可长可短。
(2心得
心得笔记也叫读后感。读书后把自己的体会、感想、收获写出来。这些读书笔记，可以写读书时的心得体会，也可以写对原文的某些论点的发挥或提出批评、商榷的意见。写这种笔记，一般是以自己的语言为主，也可适当地引用原文。
(3综合读书笔记
综合读书笔记是读了几本或几篇论述同一问题的书文后，抓住中心评论它们的观点、见解，提出自己看法的笔记。
上述三种类型的读书笔记，不论采用哪一种类型，目是都是为学习、工作、科学研究和写作服务。作笔记时开始可采用摘要式，以后读书多了，有了比较，产生了看法，就可以写译注式，至于心得式是更进一步了，它是属于科学研究的范畴。
社会关怀类作文素材以及评价【二】
【习作题目】
Students Grading of Their Teachers
1．学生给老师打分已很普遍；
2．人们对其持不同态度（肯定或否定的态度）；
3．你的看法。
【习作解读】
显然，此任务是写一篇议论文，主题为对学生给老师打分的现象进行议论，开放性较大。学生应根据实际情况，从多个方面阐述其原因并表达自己对这种现象的观点和态度。该话题更加贴近学生的实际生活，但有一定的语言难度，也有一定的思想深度。通过此文的写作，也从侧面提示了学生在注重写作基础训练的前提下，也应该注重培养积极思考、灵活运用、自由发挥等能力。
此次的写作任务出题相当巧妙，写作内容涉及的词汇和句型都属于新课程标准范围。题目在考查学生写作能力的同时，也在考查学生的分析判断能力及高度概括能力。富有想象力的学生写出的文章可能生动而富有灵性。此题目能引发学生对平日习以为常的行为进行反思，学会换位思考，这对中学生的性格和品德培养非常重要。
【习作展示】
Students Grading of Their Teachers
Nowadays, a lot of schools ask their students to contribute to grading their teachers. As a teacher, it is their responsibility to satisfy their students in all aspects. Meanwhile, it is admirable that school teachers prefer to expose themselves to their students.
If the system of grading of teachers by students is introduced, it will benefit students, teachers and the administration of the school for a number of reasons. For one thing, the system will give teachers and the administration of the school an insight into the minds of the students and show whether the teachers are successful in getting their lessons understood by the students; for another, it will also encourage the good teachers to continue their efforts and motivate themselves. What is more, it will expose those who are not doing enough and will lead them to correct their teaching methods as well as their attitude towards students. Thus the quality of teaching will certainly improve.
In a word, it is a promising concept and will bring surprisingly good results if applied with the right conditions.
【习作点评】
作者观点明确，赞成学生给老师打分。作为老师，就要做一个让学生满意的老师。这样，不仅对学生、学校有利，而且对老师本人也有利。这样，老师就会从另一个角度重新审视自己，看自己是否是一个成功的老师。如果得到学生的认可，这将是对自己的一次鼓励，为继续前行增添动力。如果学生的认可度不高，老师就应进行反思，调控教学方法和教学态度。这样，教学质量肯定会提高。作
者用简洁、明快的语言以及自己的经历列举了充分的论据，内容充实，贴近生活。For one thing, for another, what is more, in a word等过渡词的使用，是短文结构清晰，层次分明。最后，最值得一提的是，文中多次正确运用的高级词汇和复杂句式，给文章增添了不少文采。综上所述，这是一篇不可多得的佳作，值得向大家推荐。
二、写作模板
此模板适用于社会现象类议论文。参考模式如下：
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental There are a couple of reasons behind this problem/phenomenon. For one ；Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people
Nowadays, there exists a common phenomenon—with the development of the Internet, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones to their friends and relatives when an important holiday comes.
There are a couple of reasons behind this phenomenon. For one thing, compared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more lively and interesting. They can give not only pictures but also sound and animation. For another, there are many websites online which offer varieties of cards for you to choose from. What is more, with the popularity of the electronic cards, less paper is used in making paper cards, which does good to our environment.
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that sending greetings by using electronic cards will be accepted by more and more people, not only the young ones.
三、写作指导
写作思路是先列出一个具体的社会问题或者现象，然后分析产生的原因和产生的影响，最后提出解决问题的办法，或者得出结论，或者提出个人看法，或者预测前景。
论点、论据、论证是议论文的三要素。论点是作者对所议论问题所持有的见解和主张，论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理的根据；论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。一般来说，议论文每段都有主题句来确定论点。论证的方法很多，但最常用的是因果分析法。即：分析事实与论点的因果关系，指出取得结果的原因是所要证明的论点，从而达到论证的目的。
在近几年的高考中，议论文的比重占得越来越多，议论文的.出题形式可以多种多样，有看图写作、图表、表格、书信等各种类型，但文体实际是议论文，而有时是夹叙的议论文。议论文的写作要点是：
1. 观点鲜明，文章一定有一个明确的中心论点。
2. 层次分明，一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，不同层次之间要分明，过渡清晰自然。
3. 最后一段一般要总结全文，得出一个符合逻辑的结论，突出中心思想。
4. 一般采用一般现在时。
5. 语言简洁有力，一般不采用口语。
四、巩固练习
1.【练习题目】
2010年上海世界博览会期间，上万的青年志愿者参加志愿工作，请你谈谈对此现象的看法。
【参考范文】
During the period of holding the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, tens of thousands of young citizens are participating in volunteer work, hoping to devote themselves to the grand occasion. As far as I am concerned, everyone ought to enter for it. Here are the reasons I want to mention.
It can be argued that the advantages of doing unpaid volunteer work are enormous, because volunteer work is actually a two-way street. First of all, volunteer work should always benefit people who need help. Those who need help will feel happier due to our immediate help. On the other hand, as far as the young people ourselves are concerned, we have more opportunities to develop the sense of responsibility, independence as well as interpersonal skills in the process of helping others.
Through this kind of work, we become confident and mature. In addition, we can make many friends and increase our chances of getting the jobs of our dreams. Furthermore, volunteer work plays an active role in building up a harmonious society.
In a word, it is of great value for the young adults to offer volunteer work. The youth volunteers do make a difference by the voluntary work! Why not join them and do something for our country?
2.【练习题目】
某些中学生为了显示自己成熟或表明自己醋而吸烟。请写一篇120词左右的短文，列举吸烟的危害，并提出建议。
【参考范文】
I am sorry to know that more and more middle school students begin to smoke. I think it is wrong to believe that smoking is cool and even think that smoking makes you appear to be mature. In fact, smoking is not cool but very dangerous.
First, smoking can do much damage to health. Scientific researches show that smoking can lead to heart diseases, cancers and other problems. It is reported that about 5 million people die of diseases related to smoking each year all over the world.
Second, it is a waste of money to smoke cigarettes. Smoking can cost a great deal of money. Once you are addicted to it, it is difficult to give it up.
What’s more, smoking can cause fires easily, which may do great damage to your life and your surroundings.
So give up smoking at once! Only in this way can you keep healthy forever.
3. 【练习题目】近年来，越来越多的中学生出国学习，出现了所谓的中学生“出国热”。请根据以下提供的信息，谈谈自己的看法。
1）良好的语言环境，更利于语言学习。
2）拓宽视野，学习国外先进的科学技术。
3）传播各民族间的不同文化。
参考词汇：媒介，中间人：mediator
【参考范文】
In recent years, studying abroad has been popular. Tens of thousands of Chinese middle school students have gone to foreign countries to study．Many people are trying their best to apply to go abroad.
There are a number of reasons for attending schools abroad．First, students who are studying abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures. They can communicate with each other directly and learn about different cultures. Second, they can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries and experience different education methods．Third, they live in foreign countries and take classes given by foreign teachers. As a result, they can learn foreign languages much more quickly.
Therefore, it is advisable to attend schools abroad.
4.【练习题目】随着经济和社会的发展，道路上的私人小汽车越来越多。请根据自己的观察和理解，谈谈自己的观点。
【参考范文】
With the fantastic development both in economy and in society in China, the number of people who own private cars is on the rise. Some people have bought cars of their own, and others are planning to buy cars. But I strongly object to the increase in developing private cars.
I hold that automobiles will give rise to a series of problems. In the first place, as more and more cars are produced and run on the road, a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off, polluting the atmosphere and causing actual harm to the health of people. Next, private cars contribute to traffic jams so greatly that the advantages gained in comfort and freedom are often cancelled out by the frustration caused by traffic jams. The last problem is the increasing number of car accidents that have killed and will kill a lot of people in a friction of a second.
In a word, although automobiles have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of our society, they also bring us numerous troubles such as more serious environmental pollution, more traffic accidents and more energy consumption. They drink up huge amounts of fuel and throw out huge amounts of pollutants. Jams waste our precious time. Therefore, I am against developing private cars.
社会关怀类作文素材以及评价【三】
亲爱的母亲：
您好！
月明，星稀。看着窗外来来往往的人群，看着那对岸透来的点点微光，我的心依旧如痴如醉。灯火燃珊处，一滴清泪莫名的滴落下来，涩涩的，才想起，只是身边少了个你。
或许，早已习惯了有你的日子，或许早已习惯了依偎在你怀里嗅着那淡淡的兰花的香味，那些日子飘啊飘啊，编织成一个美丽的梦。只想将时间定格，却为何依旧匆匆，只留给我那无数的牵挂。
妈妈，让我轻轻地告诉你。我爱你，喜欢你，喜欢那个在任何事情面前总是从容不迫的你；喜欢你，喜欢那个在爸爸骂我的时候总是护在我前面的你；喜欢你，喜欢那个在我哭泣时总是笑呵呵带我出去的你。记忆如画，早已泛起点点苍黄，记忆中的你是如此美丽动人，恰似在家门前开放的兰花。你知道吗？每当别人问起你的时候，我的脸上总是洋溢着连太阳也逊色三分的笑容，因为我的母亲，是世界上最美丽，最善良的人，是那朵最纯洁的兰花，清香淡雅。
妈妈，让我轻轻地告诉你。对不起。还记得总是在睡觉前对你发脾气的我吗，还记得总是在你与我亲近时推开你的我吗，还记得总是在你伤心时说我再也不想当你儿子的我吗？其实，那是因为舍不得离开你啊。儿行千里母担忧，我深知，你含辛茹苦哺育了我15个春秋，我知道你对我的爱胜过了世上的\'一切，我知道你总是在为我着想。原谅我的自私吧，自私的想引起你所有的注意，自私的想拥有你所有的爱，自私的想让你的那颗心永远的为我担心。这个夏天，让我轻轻地和你说声对不起吧。我曾经给过你快乐，也曾经带给你伤害，请原谅，我真的有好多的无奈。
妈妈，让我轻轻地告诉你。原谅我。原谅我曾经带给你的伤害，原谅我曾经的不懂事，原谅我曾经的自私，原谅我，让我自己能接纳自己。我真的好后悔，好后悔——眼泪早已不能代表我的悔恨，伤痛早已将我的心灵封闭。我忘了，我错了，错的一塌糊涂，如果时间能够重回，我不会让自己再这样走过，原谅我在你面前的种种行为，让我为你再唱一次歌，好吗？
祝：
青春永驻！
20xx年x月x日
