举例法就是举出实际事例来说明事物的方法,是最常见,往往也是最有效的阐释模式。
提醒
举例时应挑选具体、典型且有能力表达清楚的`例子,并注意按照一定的顺序编排。
请看上述范文第二段:“For instance”引出“lifetime goals”的实例,如,赢得研究奖金、出版有影响书或文章、获得大学的系主任职位、获得国家自然科学基金及大公司稳定的顾问职位。
词句理解题主要讲究的是理解题意,通过短文的词、短语或句子的理解来充分理解题意,,碰到不熟悉的词语要避过,先略读再通读,仔细推敲,尤其是对语境的理解要准确。
比较法是用一个事物和与其有联系的其他事物加以对比的说明方法。目的是为了帮助读者准确地区分事物,通过对比达到对该事物的深刻认识。
如:上述范文对三种人生目标在时间上和实际操作上进行了比较,并阐明了彼此的联系。
(1Lifetime goals should be written out.
(2Like lifetime goals, these are measurable and clearly stated.
(3These goals are more performance oriented, and they help with achievement of intermediate goals.
定义法是用下定义的方式去揭示事物本质特征或概念内涵。它能使读者迅速抓住本质属性和基本特点。此法的句型:
① … is a/the … of … which/that …② … relate to/involve/refer to …
【例】
(1Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols which is used for human communication. 语言是人类用来交际的任意性的语音符号体系。
(2Intermediate goals relate to outcomes during the next few years.
(3Short-term goals involve outcomes expected during the next 12 months.
适合这类题型的阅读理解通常具体反映在文章的题目或一段短文的小标题上;很多文章从一开头就直接说出观点,表达中心思想。所以对于这类题型,一定要提示学生注意主题句和主题段,绝大多数的短文类似于语文的老三段,注意段与段之间的联系,注意隐藏的中心思想,准确了解文章结构,把握句与句之间的关系,注重逻辑关系,把握住文章的脉络即可。
这种题型的特点是:开放性强,要求针对文中所说明的某种现象或某个问题,提出合理的解决办法或应对措施。命题的形式通常有:
①应如何正确看待或防范“……”?请你略作分析。
②从上文对“……”的说明中,你能得到什么启示?
③针对文中所提到的“……”问题,请你提出几条合理的建议。
这本书花了我300元。
I spent 300 yuan on the book.
I paid 300 yuan for the book.
The price of the book is 300 yuan.
It cost me 300 yuan to buy the book.
我不懂什么英语,李明也不懂。
I don’t know any English, nor does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, nor does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, neither does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, no more does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, so it is with Li Ming.
I know no more English than Li Ming does.
I know as little English as Li Ming does.
一到家,我就把所见到的一切都记了下来。
On/Upon arriving home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
As soon as I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
The moment I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
推理判断题最主要的就是注重文章结构的逻辑关系,抓住关键词,结合有关的生活和社会常识,理清文章的结构层次、文章内容和文章的中心思想,推断作者的写作意图和写作目的,进行推断。
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