说明文的语言特色,总的要求是准确、简洁、富有表现力。无论是事物说明还是事理说明,抑或是科学小品,都不能例外。准确、简洁,是说明文语言的最本质的特征。从说明文的主要功能来看,说明文主要是传播知识的。要使说明文传播的知识准确无误,就必须使用准确的语言冷静客观地解说事物,阐明事理,准确是说明文语言的先决条件;要使传播知识的说明文让读者一读就明白,说明文的语言就必须简洁。在此前提下,一篇具体的说明文,由于说明对象、读者对象和作者语言风格的不同,其语言特色可以平实见长,但有时也可以生动活泼。或概括,或具体;或简洁,或丰腴;或精练,详尽;或平易朴实,或幽默风趣,可根据具体的文章而定。
揣摩说明文的语言特色,可从这样几个方面人手:
①要有综合观念。揣摩说明文的语言特色不能置说明对象的特征,说明顺序和说明方法于不顾,要把这些内容综合起来看。
②抓住说明文语言准确性的本质特征,去理解文章中表时间、空间、数量、范围、程度、特征、性质、程序等词语。
③弄清什么是平实说明,什么是生动说明。
④认真分析文章所用到的各种说明方法,各种说明方法在文章中的`科学运用,正是说明文语言特色的正确体现。
⑤注意说明文中动词、数量词、修饰限制性词语的准确运用。
说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。它通过对实体事物科学的解说,对客观事物做出说明或对抽象整理的阐释,使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能,关系或对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等科学地认识,从而获得有关的知识。
I have a great mother. She cares much about me in my life and study.
In the morning, she gets up early to make breakfast for me. When I was little, she prepared my schoolbag. But now, she tells me to do it by myself. Because she thinks I have been old enough to do it. Besides, she always checks my homework. When I finish my homework, she checks it and points out the mistakes. She is very careful and helps me a lot.
I love my mother.
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6) Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7) Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8) According to a recent survey, ……
9) With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.
2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. ,
4.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.
5....has many advantages.For example,…
6. However,just as every coin has two sides,…has it’s disadvantages.
II…play(san important role/part in……
1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.
2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.
3.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.
4.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.
5.Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness.
6.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
7.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,and fax have taken their place.
III.With the development of…
1.With the development of our economy,many Chinese families can afford a car.
2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.
3.With the rapid development of Science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.
4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6.With more and more women entering the society,people's attitude towards women is changing.
7.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of,a significant number of
families can afford a car.
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but…
四、批驳
1)It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ……
7) Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10) No one can deny the fact that ……
11) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13) Recent studies indicate that ……
14) There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15) According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 :
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word,generally speaking,to conclude等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3). We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population.
4). We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.
5). The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.
6). Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.
7) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8) In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9) There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14) Taking all these into account, we ……
15) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分,表示客观存在的'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There is no point in talking about it again.
There is something you don't know.
There is not enough time to do the work. .
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1.由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化:The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
2.由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化:One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves.
3.用of连接含有by的短语,把简单句转换成名词短语
First you make the dough by mixing water into the flour. The container shculd be big enough lest the flour and water will overflow. Press the dough with your hands till it is not sticky. When the dough is ready, leave it there for use later, then go on to make the fillings.
The second step is to mince the meat, mushrooms and shnmps till they are mixed in a paste. Add some spice such as ginger and onion and stir them evenly.
The third step is to make the wrappings. Roll the dough with a round stick into small round pieces of wrappings, each two inches in diameter.
The fourth step is to put the filling in the middle of a wrapping. Then press the wrapping tight and a jiaozi is ready. When you have made enough Jiaozi, the next step is to boil them.
That is the last step. Put a pot of water on the stove. When the water is boiling, put the Jiaozi one by one into the water and cover the pot. When steam comes out, add more cold water and when it boils again add cold water a second time. When you see the Jiaozi floating in boiling water, you can put them in bowls or plates, get the chopsticks and be ready to eat.
第1步,先用水和面,和面盆要大些,以免水和面溢出。用手揉面团,直到不粘手为止。和好面以后,将做饺馅。
第2步,剁肉馅,将蘑菇和虾米搅拌成糊状,放入调味品如姜、葱,并把馅搅匀。
第3步,做饺皮。用擀面杖擀出一张张直径为两英寸的圆饺皮。
第4步,把馅放入饺皮中,捏紧饺皮,一个饺子就做成了。饺子包够了,下一步就是煮饺子。
煮饺子是最后的一步,锅中放上水,搁在炉灶上烧,水开时,一个一个地把饺子放入开水中,盖上锅盖。水冒气时,要加些冷水;水开时,再加第2次冷水。当饺子漂浮上来时,盛入碗中,准备好碗筷,即可食用。
November **, ****
To Whom It May Concern:
This is to confirm that Mr. Li Dashui has worked as a full-time system analyst in the NY University since Jun 1994(or This letter is to verify that Mr. Li Dashui worked as an chemist from July 1993 to Sept. 1994. Mr. Lis main duties and responsibilities are as follows:
Design, develop and install various computer hardware, software and network systems for banks.
Determine and analyze the requirements of each system project into related componets solved through the application of computer technology.
Write specifications for computer programs, and test and implement programs for network systems and control systems.
Supervise computer programmers and other system analysts for paticular system projects.
Mr. Li has mainly taken part in the following projects:
The first engineering design of city general business computer network system.
Upgrading banks system for IBM AS/400 E45 to IBM AS/400 320, IBM AS/400 530.
The design development and test of city general business computer network system.
The design and development network and database systems for the Golden Credit Card Project.
Mr. Li is well experienced with IBM AS/400 system analysis, TCP/IP protocol, SNA protocol and LAN; proficient in RPGIII, VB, C/C++ and DB2, and skilled in UNIX, Informix, Client/Server etc.
Mr. Li is a hard-working and talented analyst, and is highly respected member in our company. If you need further information, please feel free to contact me. Sincerely yours, Singature, Zhang Jianguo
Senior Engineer and Technical Manage Company Name, Address, Tex Fax
包饺子
在我家乡,有一个每家每户都保持的的传统,那就是包饺子。我们通常会在除夕当天包饺子、吃饺子。我们擀面皮,准备饺子馅儿,然后就可以开始包饺子了。
在包饺子时,一定要做的一件事就是把硬币放在一些饺子里,谁能吃到馅里有硬币的饺子意味着在新的一年里好运连连。最后一步就是煮饺子,这时候,所有人都在等饺子出锅。对于我们来说,饺子就是我们最好的年夜饭。
今天,我感到非常高兴,因为我们必须做饺子。老师带了一碗水和美味的馅,还有圆又薄的饺子皮。老师教的第一时间,我们要按照老师,左手拿着饺子皮,用一根筷子在馅的饺子皮中间,右手,把手指浸在水中,水沾在饺子皮,然后折叠夹,在夹,一胖乎乎的饺子,做一个好工作,我做的与以前的方法一致,然后我们一起把包好的饺子。
在盘子上的饺子,和一些整齐的队伍,和一些采取的发射成像的形状。一些饺子盘凸出的像一个大的圆的一般昂首挺胸,得意洋洋地。饺子是扁平状细***老人,把他的头,无精打采。
现在吃饺子吧!有些孩子高兴地跳了起来,哭了。现在我只知道自己包里包了最美味的饺子。
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