so…that,too…to和enoughto
so…that,too…to和enoughto都是初中英语教材中的重要结构,在一定条件下它们可以相互转换,并经常成为中考考查的热点之一。先请看下面两道中题:
1.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.
Heis____________________that____________________gotoschool.
2.Shewassoweakthatshecouldn?ttakecareofherbaby.
Shewas__________weak__________takecareofherbaby.
(答案:1.soold;hecan2.too;to)
那么在什么情况下三者可以相互转换呢?
一、so…that与too…to的转换
当that引导的从句为否定式且从句主语与主句的主语相同时,so…that可转换为too…to结构;若从句主语与主句的主语不相同时,so…that可转换为too…forsbto结构。例如:Sheissoyoungthatshecan?tgotoschool.=Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.
Theboxissoheavythathecan?tcarryit.=Theboxistooheavyforhimtocarry
二、so…that与enoughto的转换
1.当that引导的从句为肯定式时,若从句主语与主句主语相同时,so…that可转换为enoughto结构;若从句主语与主句主语不相同时,so…that可转换为enoughforsbto结构。例如:XiaoLinissooldthathecangotoschool.=XiaoLinisoldenoughtogotoschool.Theboxissolightthathecancarryit.=Theboxislightenoughforhimtocarry.
2.当that引导的从句为否定式时,若从句主语与主句主语相同时,so…that可转换为enoughto的否定结构;若从句主语与主句主语不相同时,so…that可转换为enoughforsbto的否定结构。同时要注意,转换后的形容词(副词)要用其相应的反义词。例如:
Themanissooldthathecan?tgotowork.=Themanisn?tyoungenoughtogotowork.ThedeskissoheavythatIcan?tmoveit.=Thedeskisn?tlightenoughformetomove.
三、enoughto的`句式为否定式时,enoughto可以转换为too…to结构。
转换后的too…to结构中的形容词(副词)要用其相应的反义词。例如:
Heisnotoldenoughtodothework.=Heistooyoungtodothework.
Theproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.=Theproblemisn?teasyenoughformetoworkout.
so与such用法
都有“如此、这么、那么”的意思,可进行同义改写,但用法不同。
1.so是副词,修饰形容词和副词;而such是形容词,修饰名词。它们后面接单数可数名词时,词序不同。
so的词序为:so+adj.+a(an)+n.
such的词序为:such+a(an)+adj.+n.
它们可以表达同样的意思,因此它们可以进行同义改写。
soniceacoat=suchanicecoat这么漂亮的一件外套
sointerestingabook=suchaninterestingbook那么有趣的一本书
补给站:后面接复数名词或不可数名词时,只能用such,而不能用so.如:
suchbeautifulflowers这么美丽的花
suchcleverchildren如此聪明的孩子
但是,复数名词或不可数名词前有many,few,much,little等表示数量的词修饰时,只能用so而不能用such,这是一种固定用法。如:
somanybooks这么多书
sofewpeople这么少的人
somuchmoney那么多的钱
solittlemilk那么少的牛奶
需要提醒的是,little还可作
为“小”的意思,这个时候仍然用such。Ihaveneverseensuchlittlesheepbefore.
2.和“that”连用时,意思基本一样,但句型结构不同。“so…that…”句型结构为:so+adj.(adv.)+that…
so+adj.+a(an)+单数n.+that…
so+many(few)+复数n.+that…so+much(little)+不可数n.+that…如:
ThisbookissointerestingthatIhavereaditthreetimes.这本书如此有趣,我已经看了三遍。Hespokesofastthatwecouldn?tunderstandhim.他说得太快,我们都未能听懂他的话。Itwassohotadaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.天气很热,谁都不想干活。
Thereweresomanypeoplethatwecouldhardlymoveon.这么多人,我们简直无法继续往前走。
“such…that…”句型结构为:
such+a(an)+adj.+单数n.+that…
such+adj.+复数n.+that…
such+adj.+不可数n.+that…
Sheissuchaprettygirlthateveryonelikesher.她是个很可爱的小姑娘,大家都喜欢她。TheyaresuchdeliciouscakesthatIwanttoeatanothertwo.这么可口的蛋糕,我还想再吃两块。
Itissuchsweetmilkthatweallwanttodrinkit.这么香的牛奶,我们都想喝。
补给站:由于so和such后跟单数可数名词时,可以换用,同样“so…that…”与“such…that…”也可以进行同义句改写。如上文中:ThisbookissointerestingthatIhavereaditthreetimes.可改写成:ThisissuchaninterestingbookthatIhavereaditthreetimes.
Itwassohotadaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.可改写成:Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.
4.当so…that引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时,可与be…enoughtodo替换;当为否定句时,可与too…to…或benot+该形容词的反义词enoughtodo替换。
Heissoyoungthathecan?tgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool.
=Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.
3.so与that可以直接构成词组“sothat”,引导目的状语从句,表示“以便、”的意思。从句中常用can/could/will/should等情态动词。
如:
Heworkedhardsothathecouldpasstheexams.为了能通过考试,他学习很认真。(但such没有这种用法)
练习
(1.Shewas____welldressedthatsheattractedeveryone?sattentionattheparty.
A.soB.quiteC.tooD.very
(2.Whenthefirebrokeout,manypeoplewereso_______thattheyran_______.
A.frightening;wildB.frightened;wild
C.frightened;wildlyD.frightening;wildly(失去控制地)
(3.Itwas_________musicthatIlostmyselfinit.
A.suchabeautifulB.sobeautifula
C.sobeautifulD.suchbeautiful
(4.Wearrived______latethattherewerenoseatsleft.
A.muchB.tooC.soD.very
(5.Ilikethepopstar_______thatInevermisshisconcert.
A.verymuchB.toomuchC.quitemuchD.somuch
(6.Themusicinthesupermarketsoundedso______thatIwantedtoleaveatonce.
A.softB.wonderfulC.friendlyD.noisy
(7.Curingsickpeopleis_______important_______doctorsmustbecareful.
A.too;toB.so;thatC.enough;toD.such;that
(8.Thequestionis_______thatnobodycananswerit.
A.veryhardB.toodifficultC.strangeenoughD.sostrange
(9.Thatfilmwasso_______thatmostoftheaudience(观众keptscreaminginfear(惊恐地)whilewatchingitlastnight.
A.excitingB.frighteningC.boringD.amazing
(10.Thisis_______difficultproblemthatfewstudentscanworkitout.
A.soB.soaC.suchD.sucha
(11.ThedoctorsinORBIShavedone_______animportantjob_______thepatientsareallgratefultothem.
n.奥比斯(一个致力于为世界各国盲人和眼疾患者恢复光明的国际性慈善机构),orbis在拉丁文中有“眼睛”的意思。
A.too;toB.so;thatC.such;thatD.as;as
前几天,我们学习了大诗人朱熹的一首古诗--《春日》。晚上,我默默诵读,仿佛来到了泗水河畔。
在一个春光明媚、鸟语花香的好日子里,我带着家人到美丽的泗水河畔踏青。远处,高高的山上,树木茂密翠绿。山脚下,清清的泗水河冰雪融化,叮叮咚咚欢快地向远方流去。河里的小鱼有的在进行游泳比赛,有的在水草间捉迷藏,有的在追逐打闹。近处,草丛里,青的草,绿的叶,还有各种各样的小花,都向赶集似的聚拢过来。春风像一盒五彩的颜料,它吹过草地,草儿悄悄探出了头,伸展着嫩绿的叶子;它吹过柳树,柳枝便翩翩起舞,像小姑娘的长发随风飘荡;它吹过桃树,桃花就绽开了含羞的花瓣……
泗水河畔的'景物焕然一新,充满了生机。
我想:人们平时都在忙着自己的工作,也只有在空闲的时候,才能带着家人来这里踏青,沐浴春风,享受美景。我挥毫泼墨,写下了《春日》这首诗:胜日寻芳泗水滨,无边光景一时新。等闲识得东风面,万紫千红总是春。
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