壮族传统歌节。又叫“三月三”、“歌圩节”、歌圩,状语交“窝埠坡”、“双龙洞”。
壮族人民每到“三月三”时,方圆数千里的男女青年,都开开心心地穿上盛装来参加,少则几百人,多多则数千人或上万人。顿时,人山人海,歌声响亮,成了歌的世界。搭彩棚、摆歌台、抛彩球、则佳偶,别有风趣。
在歌圩上,各村屯的男女青年,各自三五成群,寻找别村的青年,集体对唱歌。通常由男青年主动先唱“游览歌,”观察物色对手;遇有比较合适的对象,便唱“见面歌”和“邀请歌”;得到女方的答应;彼此互相了解之后,便唱“爱慕歌”“交情歌”;分别时则唱“送别歌”,歌词即编即唱,比喻贴切,亲切感人。男女青年经过对歌接触之后,建立了一定的感情,相约下一次歌圩再会。
在歌圩上还有碰蛋的习俗:小伙子用手上的彩蛋碰姑娘手中的彩蛋;姑娘如果不愿意就把蛋握住不让碰,如果有急就让小伙子碰。蛋碰裂后两人共吃彩蛋,这就播下了爱情的种子。
此外,还有抢花炮、演壮戏、耍杂技、舞彩龙、无彩凤、武术表演、唱桂剧等,整个山乡沉浸在节目的气氛中。
我驻足在涂着金黄色油漆的栅栏前,痴望着眼前的栀子花丛。
此时正是栀子花开得最灿烂的时候,展现在我眼前的是一片圣洁的花海,像是飞舞在天空中的雪花定格在了某一时刻一样;散发的香气足以让人沉醉。我沉浸在这浓郁的香气中。
我仔细寻觅着,想找到一朵最美最大最香的花儿。终于,有一朵花儿不辜负我的期望,绽放在了我的面前。
这朵花,色泽洁白,晶莹饱满,花朵圆润地舒展着,花瓣上有着无数浅浅的旋纹,旋着旋着,就好像这花儿的生命鲜活起来了,洁白的花瓣上透着一点淡淡的浅绿,花儿宛如刚及笄的少女一样美丽。我凑过去,深深地吸了一口,惊喜地脱口而出:“哇,好香!”
我用无比珍爱的眼神望着这朵花。忽然发现,花的中心有象蚜虫一样细小的虫子聚集在一起,啃咬着花瓣。
我不禁为这朵花感到悲哀。这么灵动鲜活的生命,却要忍受虫子的啃咬,它得多么痛苦啊!
我突然陷入了沉思。这朵花,这么美,这么香,它的香气是最浓郁芬芳的,在香气中蕴藏着一种勇气和力量。不管多么痛苦都要勇敢地绽放,散发自己的香气。如果没有痛苦,它还会是这样美,这样香吗?正因为痛苦,它才向世界展现它的美丽,才会有这么沁人心脾的香气。人,何尝不是如此?如果没有承受痛苦就随随便便成功,那么成功的意义又有多大呢,成功本身的价值又有多大呢?只有忍受痛苦的人,心灵才能蜕变,才能绽放出更大更美的花朵,散发出更香更浓的气味。
不忍受痛苦就成功的人,是沙土里的贝壳;而忍受痛苦最终成功的人,是贝壳里璀璨夺目的、荧光闪闪的珍珠。
我不禁又凑到花儿旁,嗅着它的芬芳,它的香气又让我沉醉,但更重要的是,它把忍受痛苦的勇气和力量随着花香盈满了我的心田。
我再次情不自禁地脱口而出:“哇,好香!”
你爱茶,走到哪儿,都喜欢拎着茶杯,当你掀开茶盖时那淡淡的茶香氤氲在空气中,让人心旷神怡。无意间发现你也如茶叶般枯瘦。不见了你矫健的身姿,不见了你健硕的皮肤,只是那弯曲的背,深深的皱纹,但你那犀利的眼神仍是那样的令人颤栗。
你我走过的日子是短短的童年是次次的误读与简单的包裹,是你无声的爱与我的无知彼此充实。爷爷,到了此刻我才懂得了你,原来你是爱我的。
你冷峻古板,我却爱笑,你沉默寡言,而无知的我却把你无声的爱误读了,我对你心怀不满,你对我却满怀期待。
小时候,我参加了“书法社”,可是在社里我总觉得自己的字与我的同学相差甚远,这时你鼓励我说:“好好努力,正如茶那样即使原来多么平凡,但经过了***青、晒干、炒制……那原本翠绿的它变得柴瘦、干枯,但它冲泡时的`清香令人心醉,这时它拥有了美丽的内涵,只要努力就会拥有美丽内涵。”我应了一下,然后就离开了。过了一个月,我参加了书法比赛得了三等奖,虽然有些遗憾,但得到了老师的肯定,我原本以为当你看到这一切时会很高兴,但你只是看了看,扬起嘴微微一笑。我拿着奖状,心里有许多不甘,心情也直落谷底。
有时,看到爷爷那对我漠不关心的神情,总觉得自己是那么多余……
有一次,爷爷奶奶到我家过年。当我看到爷爷时,他对我扬起了笑脸,我的心被蛰了一下,总觉得这是他第一次对我笑。我有个坏习惯,睡觉总喜欢踢被子,这不这几天鼻涕横流,呵欠连连……可是这几天当我起床时被子总盖得好好的,我以为是妈妈,顿时心里洋溢着浓浓的暖意。深夜了,因为感冒难受,我久久难以入睡,这时门缝忽然射进一道光,我赶紧闭上眼睛,他帮我盖好了被子,用手背抚摸我的额头,接着叹了口气便离开了,我缓缓睁开眼睛,那弯弯的背影渐渐消失在黑暗之中……这手的温度,手的粗糙难道是爷爷……
你我走过的日子是种种误会缠绵的鸿沟,任性的我不知道该如何化解,只是让彼此的误会愈演愈深。在一次与奶奶的谈话中,她说:“你爷爷啊,真是个傻瓜,上一次你得奖时他不知道有多高兴,整天逢人就说我孙子啊字写得好……可是他硬要装着不屑。”我此刻才明白原来爷爷的不屑是对我的鼓励,是要让我不要沉迷在一时的成功中。原来你我一起走过的日子里不是一次次彼此的误解,也有爱,也有幸福。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
东风,寓意着迎来了春天——这个鸟语花香、莺歌燕舞的美好季节,这个新年那新的希望,新的开始。那么世界,究竟又发生了那些微妙的事情呢?
东风欣欣然吹到了这个宁静的冰雪世界。用她那无比温暖的双手,拥抱着冰冷的皑皑白雪,让白雪消融在她的怀里。
大地似乎就在这一瞬间,焕然一新。四处都洋溢起欢跃与激动。苍鹰如利箭般,飞驰过原野、草地,朝着蔚蓝的天空长吼一声,好似唤醒了从北方远道而来的大雁。大雁们轮番在空中用高贵优雅的身姿做了几个滑翔动作。冲着地上高傲的叫唤。东风一吹,安眠于巢中的百灵,舞弄着妖娆的身段,拼尽全身力气用自己平生最动人的歌喉,向着森林高声啼鸣。东风一吹,一身乌黑的乌鸦也探出脑袋对着百灵“呱呱”叫了几声,也没人反对。东风掠过之处,鸟儿们都开起音乐会,互相祝福着新年快乐。因为春天,来了。
东风又来到树木的身边,轻轻一旋转,跟着的就是漫天飞舞的残叶,残叶被卷得不知所向,但是残叶下面正在萌芽生长的嫩草显露出来,那样的翠色欲流,那样的积极蓬勃。远望,东风将残叶全部卷走,一下子,青草变得一望无际了。而那一棵棵拔地而起的参天大树,也格外茂盛,东风一吹,它身上的叶子跟着轻轻颤动,真不愧为玉树临风。如果来了一阵稍大的风儿,那么一片片绿油油的小草和苍翠欲滴的大树上所有树叶便茫茫然随着一起朝西边屈膝,因为吹来的是东风。其实这一片大地换上绿色的新衣,也全都是东风帮的忙。
东风又跃入人们的摸不透的心中,顿时人们对新年的顾忌都烟消云散,留下的只是希望于前进的动力。仿佛人的心是潘多拉的魔法盒。东风也就是春天,给人们带来了快乐,带来了好好过这新的一年的信心与勇气。
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