(1 空间顺序
任何事物都有空间性。说明文抓住这个特点构成自己的条理,或者从上到下,或者从外到内,或者从左到右,或者从南到北,或者从远到近,或者从中间到四周,或者从整体到部分。在介绍某有建筑物的结构,说明某种产品的构造,介绍某一地方情况时都可以用这种方法安排材料,是读者对事物的各个部分和整体都有较明晰的认识。
(2 时间顺序
即按照时间先后顺序来安排。事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程。有些说明文根据事物的时间性,把事物的各部分组成先后关系,这也是一种条理性。介绍生物知识的说明文一般都是先发生的先写,后发生的后写。介绍生产技术和工作方法的说明文,一般按照生产和工作的程序,逐一说明。
(3 逻辑顺序
有些说明文主要是剖析事理的,在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排,或者从主到次,或者从浅到深,或者从原因到结果,构成严密的条理性。有些说明文还可以按事物的性质分几个方面来安排,这几个方面的材料就形成了一种并列关系。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
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