在素描绘画当中,最关键的当然是结构。
现实中很多画家,由于对人物或物体结构缺乏了解,最后只能走形式的路子,在创作中很难拿出具有深度的力作。虽然我们已经有了方便的照相机(现在都使用数码相机)和扫描仪,可以在电脑中处理图形,能够省却很多造型的麻烦,但是,形是形,结构是结构,并不是一个概念。对绘画的过程而言,形是附着在结构之上的表象,而结构才是对象的支撑;外在形的轮廓无法真正表现对象的内在美。
我们所观察到的对象的外形,那是一种表象,一种轮廓。当对象一旦变换位置,而我们又缺乏对结构的了解,就很难着手。在初学阶段,几乎每个人都经历了利用稳定的三角形来确定形体的大体位置和构图,然后再用小的虚拟的三角形、方形等分解被画对象局部的位置,这样的方法最后只能是比葫芦画瓢,照相般描绘对象。
就像我们已经走过了充饥的年代一样,我们已经走过了缺图的年代,正跨入一个读图的时代。各种图形、图像、图库层出不穷,再用照相的方法——抄照片去再现对象,倒不如干脆去搞摄影算了,那我们还不如照相机来得客观。对画家来说,最难以接受的便是被人夸奖为:看画得多好,像照片一样。也就是说,那些个作品没有强烈、强调和更深层次的东西,缺少画家对形体结构的理解和对对象的内涵表现的创意,这又怎么能算得上绘画的艺术作品呢?
艺术的真实,并不是纯客观的真实,而是画家通过自己的感官和手,表现画家内心的感受的一种艺术的真实——去粗取精、去伪存真、由此及彼、由表及里的刻画与刻划。
春姑娘来了!她把迷人的春光撒满人间,美丽的公园焕发出了勃勃生机。
你瞧,那座圆形的大花坛,开满期千姿百态的花朵。白色的月季,紫色的玫瑰,红色的花花等等,分别组成一个个艳丽的花环,真是万紫千红呵,彩色蝴蝶被吸引住了,它们一群群飞来,在花丛中翩翩起舞。
公园里,到处都是一簇簇、一片片不知名的小花儿,红、黄、蓝、白各式各样。有的钻在狭窄的石诚意缝里,有的躺在树下的泥土堆上,有的长在假山上,把假山中间的山洞当面镜子照,真像一群顽皮的小姑娘。
路边树木欣欣向荣。樱花树上,怒放着一簇簇红白相嵌的樱花,白的像雪,红的像火,好似像雪山火炬合成的彩绸,在微风吹拂下轻轻摇晃,欢呼春的到来。有几株桃树的树杈上,缀着一朵朵红艳艳的花,就像害羞的小姑娘,露出半边带着红晕脸蛋朝着你微笑。春风中,不时飘来阵阵淡雅的花香,令人心醉。
春天的公园充满了活力,春天的公园把美丽印在人们心中,愿明媚的春光永驻人间!
When you look back on yourself in the past – 10, 20, 30 or more years ago – it’s surprising to see how much you have changed over time. Your experiences, your friends, your family and your work have all shaped who you are right now. But where will you be in another few years? How will you have changed? Reflective writing in your journal is an excellent way to think about what you want out of the future.
当你10年、20年或更多年后回顾过去时,你会吃惊地发现,随着时光的流逝,你也发生了很大的变化。你的经历、朋友、家庭和工作造就了现在的你。但是再过几年你会在哪里呢?你会如何变化呢?这样反思性的写作,会是思考未来你想要什么的一种好的方式。
You may have already written a letter to your younger self before, conveying all the wisdom and perspective you wish you had had at the time. Now consider the opposite end of the spectrum; what would you say if you wrote your future self a letter?
你也许以前试过给过去的自己写信,向年轻时的自己传授一些人生的智慧和观点,你希望那时候的自己就能知道这些。现在我们换个角度看问题,如果让你给未来的自己写封信,你会写点什么?
Just imagine writing a letter to your future self 5 years from now, then opening it at that exact moment 5 years down the road to see how much of it resonated with you. It is a useful supplementary tool to be used in goal achievement, because when you write the letter to your future self, it helps crystallize exactly how you anticipate yourself to become at that specific moment down the road.
想象一下,给5年后的'自己写一封信,当5年后你打开那封信时,你会产生多少共鸣。这是实现目标的一种有用的辅助工具,因为当你给未来的自己写信时,你会慢慢理清希望自己在人生旅途的那个特定时刻变成什么样子。
As you read the letter in the future, you can assess how many things match up (or not vs. your expectations in the past and think about why that’s the case. Often times, the goals we set and our goal achievement process are subjected to a lot of changes along the way, due to varying obstacles, unanticipated circumstances and changing priorities. The letter gives you a macro-view of your initial vision and lets you recognize how your current vision differs from the past.
当你在未来读这封信时,你可以看看有多少事情是像你过去期望的那样,你也会思考为什么会这样。很多时候,我们设定目标在实现的过程中会受到沿途中各种因素的影响,因为会遇到各种各样的困难、各种意外情况并需要不断调整优先级。这封信能让你从宏观的角度上去看自己最初的愿景,让你意识到自己现在的想法和过去相比有多么不同。
When you open the letter in the future, you as your future self gets to compare how you used to be in the past and compare with how you are currently. This lets you see in totality how much things have changed since then – and this can be a really intriguingexperience. It’s interesting to just see how much you have grown/changed since you wrote the letter.
当你以后看信时,你会把过去的自己和现在的自己进行比较。这会让你看清从写信时起你发生了哪些变化,这种体验是非常有趣的。光看看从你写信开始发生了哪些变化就很有趣了。
I’m writing for more information about the day tour to London.
As a student at Oxford University, I’d like to know if you have any special price for students. As for the money you charge, does it cover the entrance fees for visiting the places listed? What about lunch? Is it included? Or do I need to bring along my own food?
How long will the tour last? Since I need to prepare my lessons for the next day, I’d like to know the time to return. Besides, is there any time for shopping? I really want to have a look at the big stores in London.
Yours,
Li Hua
尊敬的先生/女士,
我写的更多的信息,在伦敦的一日游。
作为牛津大学的一名学生,我想知道你是否对学生有特殊的价格。至于你所收取的钱,它是否包括了所列地方的.入场费?午饭怎么样?是否包括?还是我需要带上我自己的食物?
巡演将持续多久?既然我需要准备第二天的功课,我想知道的时间可以返回。再说,还有没有时间去购物?我真的很想看看伦敦的大商店。
你的,
李华
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