1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
生活中的失败不只是一方面的,而是多方面共同作用的结果,这些力相互作用,最终成就了现在如此不堪的你。说来惭愧,从小到大,我一直都在走向失败的路上越走越远。自从看了钱钱这本书之后,我发现,不只是变富需要做出这些这些改变,一个人变成强者也需要这些重要的品质。
一个人想要成功就必须有一个明确的目标,目标越明确,行动起来,步骤才能越具体,才能更不被外物所干扰。列出十个你想要达到的目标,从中挑选出三个你最最想要实现的摆在眼前。做出梦想相册,一步一步朝着梦想前进,做出成功日记,在你无助,失望的时候,翻开她看看。
拴住一个人的不是绳子,而是那颗自我限制的心。你从来没有想过你想要什么,没有想过你能做成什么,你对自己不知不觉中进行了限制。每天浑浑噩噩,忙的不亦乐乎,但是却离自己的目标越来越远。
一个人成功不只能靠自己,更需要靠别人,发现别人的需求,带给别人服务可以收获财富,当你发现更多别人的需求时,如果你能给他们帮助,你就能获得更多资源,不只是财富上的,更有人脉,智慧,格局上的。
你应该在自己遇见困难的时候,仍然坚持自己的意愿。当一切正常的时候,每个人都能做到这点,但是当真正的困难出现时,只有少数人能坚定不移地贯彻自己的决定。那 些非常成功的人,甚至有能力在他们困难最多的时候做出最杰出的成绩。
要每天不间断地去做对未来意义重大的事。人们不愿意背单词,比如我自己,英语极差,还不愿意学,但是有些东西是别人永远替代的,英语学不会,就无法接触真正的.世界,毕竟英语是全世界流行的语言。既然背英语是正确的,就要坚持。只要目标正确,行动可以散,但是行动了,不间断,目标就会越来越近。
给拖延设定一个期限。拖延症人人都有,但是不能无限的拖下去,否则就真的什么都做不成了,给自己设定一个宽松的界限,可以拖,但是在这个界限内必须完成,因为如果一件事情超过了72小时你可能就真的永远不会再做了。
为什么很多事情明明可以看到好的方向,最后却被自己搞糟了?现在想想未免是自己太过犹豫,真的做的时候,又是破罐子破摔不顾后果的烂态度造成的。大一的时候我喜欢一个女生,但是因为犹豫不决,最后没追上,连朋友都没有做成。现在想想什么最可怕,犹豫不决最可怕,他让你心神不宁,精神恍惚。有时候快刀斩乱麻,立刻行动往往是最好的结果。他能让你坚决果断,万事不乱于心。还是说我,当我知道我喜欢的女生连朋友都做不成的时候,就删了联系方式,有些人或许会不耻这么做,但是我认为,万事应该做减法,当需要做的时候,我尽心尽力去做,但是当一切在明知无望之时,我认为吸取经验就够了,再被往事牵绊,那么将永远不能进步。
所有的失败都是成功前的练习。失败不是成功之母,成功才是成功之母。但是失败是成功前的练习啊。你没做过,永远不知道怎么做,又怎么汲取经验。你认为失败是成功之母,你可能会永远的失败,但是你认为失败是成功前的练习,你就会汲取经验,避免下一次犯错。
因为吸引力法则的原因,有时候我们大刀阔斧的去做一件事情,会觉得事情进行的很顺利。但是吸引力法则其实没有那么玄妙,只是因为你有一个明确的目标和方向。与这个目标和方向相关的信息,以前是被你自动过滤的,但是现在突然就进入到你的意识里去,信息会逐步 越来越多
一个人觉得最引以为傲的事,往往是那些做起来最艰难的事。
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