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[2]卓非亚·丽莎.音乐美学问题.北京:人民音乐出版社,1976.
[3]尚家骧.欧洲声乐发展史.上海:华乐出版社,2003.
[4]刘再生.西方音乐史.北京:人民音乐出版社,1988.
[5]杨易禾.音乐表演艺术原理与应用.安徽文艺出版社,2003.
Dear Mom and Dad,
Although we can only keep in touch with each other by the telephone or the Internet, I wish I could let you know how much I love you and how much I’ve appreciated the things you’ve done for me. It is never too much to say thank you to you, my dear parents.
First and the most important is that thank you for bringing me to this world. During the 20 years, you have done a lot for me, but I haven’t realized how much I love you until I left home to the university. I understand how much effort you have cost to bring me up. Now, I have grown up, I can look after you.
Second, I want to thank you that you give me a good environment to grow up. There is an old saying “Parents are the first teacher to their children”. In my life, you are the typical ones. Because of your good examples I formed the good habit of learning at an early age which benefits my life.
At last, I want to say “thank you” is that you always support my choice. You never forced me to do anything I was not interested in. You told me to pursuit my own dreams without hesitation and you would support me forever. You also told me to how to be a human. Now I become an optimistic and cheerful girl and I feel happy every day.
I really miss you when I am writing this thank you letter. I can’t wait to go home to share more time together with you.You are my most important people in the world and I will love you forever.
Yours,
XXX
艺术曲的演唱不同于一般创作歌曲,她需要演唱者对作品要有深刻的了解,并在此基础之上,运用自己所学技术和较深厚的艺术功底进行艺术化的处理,力求达到作者所要求的艺术效果,将无声的乐谱以有声的艺术形式还原其艺术风格。为此,需要演唱者在演唱前进行大量的工作,这也就所谓“功夫在戏外”吧。
声乐演唱必然要贯穿情感,通过对艺术歌曲歌词的分析和研究,确定作品的主题思想,准确把握演唱时的情感基调,才能淋漓尽致地表现艺术歌曲意境,塑造出鲜明的艺术形象。
1.要展开场景想象
场景想象即想象作品描述的场景,并把自己置身于当时的场景,设身处地的感受。如舒曼的《献词》,演唱者可“移情”于这样一种场景:一个热恋中的充满朝气充满幻想的年轻人,急于向心上人表达自己的心声,心上人是那么美丽、高贵。再如《核桃树》,美丽的钢琴琶音音型和一再出现的主题动机,把春风荡漾、树叶沙沙作响的诗意,以及青年人对爱情的幸福憧憬,表现得无比生动。
2.要进入角色
艺术歌曲的表演和其他表演创作一样,始于想象,从阅读作品、熟悉角色开始,演唱者都需要进行艺术想象,以便最终进入角色。如拉威尔艺术歌曲套曲《天方夜谭》里的第二首名为《魔笛》的歌曲,所展现的是一幅穆斯林后宫的画面,当主人睡着的时候,心爱的人在享受着情人吹颂的曲调,悠悠的笛声时而悲伤、时而欢快,每个音符飘拂而来,好似神秘的轻吻。尾声渐弱渐慢的处理,犹如克洛德?德彪西的风格。演唱者不仅要完美的运用发音,更要有令人沉醉的情感抒发。
3.要把握好度
在演唱艺术歌曲过程中,要让几个音乐符号去让观众感动,让观众明白作品所表现的内涵,是离不开演唱者对音乐形象的塑造的。而这种二度创作,除了要有美好的声音条件、对艺术歌曲的理解等,还要有歌唱时应有的状态,即有控制的歌唱状态。控制的度过了,声音发硬,嗓音过损;控制的度不够,声音苍白扁平无力。如:舒曼的《月夜》,这首艺术歌曲,先后出现了5次e2音,极不好唱。难点就是对其的控制,不能太强,否则将破坏整首乐曲的神秘、肃静的气氛,也不能太弱,太弱的\'艺术歌曲的支撑点就“塌”了。
Dear parents,
How is everything these days? I miss you very much.
I am very happy at my new shool. My teachers and shoolmates are very friendly to me .They ofen help me with my study.Now I am not worried about my English because I make a lot of progress in it anb I become more and more intrested in it. My shool life here is also wonderful. I take part in many part-time activities . I make many friends there and learn lots of learning methods.
Now final exam is coming. I am busy preparing it . I will try my best to do well in it.
I am glad that the summer holiday is coming. I want to take part in a GREEN CITY GROUP.I think I should make a contribution to protecting our environment.
It's hot these days but I can take good care of myself.You should pay more attention to your health.
Best wishes to you.
Love you,
XXX
Beloved father:
It’s a long time no contacting with you since last e-mail. And I miss you so much. Recently I luckily turn to the third officer working on board MV Blue Whale,which is a container ship. I intend to introduce you what Ido on this big vessel in this letter.
I am the third officer working in the deck department. As you know, the third officer is responsible to the master for the proper performance of his assigned bridge watchstanding and navigational duties.
On board, my first daily work is wathckeeping from 8 to 12 and from 20 to 24. my second daily work is in charge of the maintance of the fire-fighting equipment and life-saving equipment. The third , I am also responsible for fire and boat drills, I have to design a muster list and make crew to know the best escape route clearly. Additionally, there are also some simple things I have to do in daily work. For example, I have to assist the Chief Officer in supervising cargo handling operation 、to measure the draft at the discretion of the Chief Officer or the Master、to assist the Master on the bridge with anchoring and mooring and unmooring operation is underway and so on.
In the end, I strongly believed that you must be very familiar with my special work through what I said. And I hope you can stand my back and make me stronger. We will have a reunion soon.
Your ,ZJH
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