左上方填写邮编及收信人地址;信封中间居中写收信人姓名,加上称呼。它可以是写信人对收信人的称呼,也可以是邮递员对收信人的称呼。后者为王力先生的观点,实际上邮递员只认为是写信人对收信人的称呼。收信人后面没有称呼是不礼貌的,属于格式上的错误。信封右下方为寄信人地址及邮编。
也称“起首语”,是对收信人的称呼。称呼要在信纸第一行顶格写起,后加“:”,冒号后不再写字。称呼和署名要对应,明确自己和收信人的关系。(具体可参见第四编《应酬称谓》)称呼可用姓名、称谓,还可加修饰语或直接用修饰语作称呼。如:
亲爱的小明:(要顶格写)
另外,这里简要说明几条细则:
(1)给长辈的信。若是近亲,就只写称谓,不写名字,如“爸”、“妈”、“哥”、“嫂”等;亲戚关系的,就写关系的称谓,如“姨妈”、“姑妈”等。对非近亲的长辈,可在称谓前加名或姓,如“赵阿姨”、“黄叔叔”等。
(2)给平辈的信。夫妻或恋爱关系,可直接用对方名字,爱称加修饰语或直接用修饰语,如“丽”、“敏华”、“亲爱的”等;同学、同乡、同事、朋友的信,可直接用名字、昵称或加上“同学”、“同志”,如“瑞生”、“老纪”、“小邹”、“三毛”等。
(3)给晚辈的信。一般直接写名字,如“乐毅”、“君平”、“阿明”等;也可在名字后加上辈分称谓,如“李花侄女”等;亦可直接用称谓作称呼,如“孙女”、“儿子”等。
(4)给师长的信,通常只写其性或其名,再加“老师”二字,如“段老师”、“周师傅”、“宏海老师”等。对于十分熟悉的师长,也可单称“老师”、“师傅”。假如连名带姓,在信首直称“孙松平老师”、“王达夫师傅”,就显得不大自然且欠恭敬。对于学有专长、德高望重的师长,往往在姓后加一“老”字,以示尊重,如“戴老”、“周老”,亦可在姓名后加“先生”二字。为郑重起见,也有以职务相称的,如“董教授”、“陈大夫”、“佟工程师”等。
(5)给一个单位或几个人的信,又不指定姓名的,可写“同志们”、“诸位先生”、“XX等同志”等。给机关团体的信,可直接写机关团体名称。如“XX委员会”、“XX公司”。致机关团体***的信,可直接用姓名,加上“同志”、“先生”或职务作称呼,亦可直接在机关团体称呼之后加上“领导同志”、“负责同志”、“总经理”、“厂长”等。
如果信是同时写给两个人的,两个称呼应上下并排在一起,也可一前一后,尊长者在前。
上述五种场合,有时还可按特殊对象,视情况加上“尊敬的”、“敬爱的”、“亲爱的”等形容词,以表示敬重或亲密之情。当然,这要用得适宜,如对好友称“尊敬的”,反而显得见外,对无特殊关系的年轻女性贸然称呼“亲爱的”,那就有失检点了。
亲爱的`母亲:
The mother's day is coming and I would like to say “Happy mother's day” in this letter. I love you and thank you so much for everything you did for me. This day,I will stay away and can't give you my appreciation at home. I know I will watch myself,so don't worry about me. I am doing very well on my study. My schoolmates and teachers are all very nice. Though I can't be at home, I hope you will have a wonderful mother's day.
母亲节快到了,我想在这封信里对您说“母亲节快乐”。我爱你,感谢你为我做的一切。这一天,我离开了,不能在家给您表达我的谢意。我知道我会看着自己,所以不要担心我。我在学习上做得很好。我的同学和老师都很好。尽管我不在家里,我仍希望您有一个美好的母亲节。
Your son,
你的儿子,
Li ming
李明
Dear Mom,
I recently read the book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mom by Amy Chua. I found that you and Ms. Chua have a lot in common in parenting. Today, I’ d like to share some of my views on this topic.
Childhood memories of your strict “dos” and "don’ts" came flooding back. Because count- less hours were invested on practicing musicalinsUu- ments, there was not even a slim chance for me to participate in parties and school plays, let alone fully enjoy the authentic pleasures of family life.Moreover, deprived of the freedom to choose hob- bies, I sometimes felt that I was just like a lonely pup- pet manipulated by others. Dear mother, do you be- lieve that time and time again I woke up from beau- tiful dreams with tears streaming down my face?
However, though Ive labeled it as a brutal regimen when I was young, as I became heavily involved inme outside world, I’ve come to realize that it was quite rewarding to have been tiger trained. As George Eliot putslt,"It never rains roses: when we want to have more roses, we must plant trees". This is as true of 0ur growing up, especially in an unprecedentedly stressful so- cietyr, Fortunately, tiger parenting has equipped me with exceptional study habits,thus helping me stand out in the intense competition. Furthermore, it has endowed me with strong willpower as well as inner self-poise, which bas proved to be a most pre- cious quality of mine. Finally,thanks to your firm discipline, not cmly have I cultivateda discerning taste in art, but I’ve also built my own set of moral values. In view of all these facts, tiger parenting has benefited me in the lorlg run despite the cost of the immediate joy of a normal carefree cbildhood.
Now, looking back on my childhood with your specialparenting method,I want to extend my sincerest appreciauon to you, my dear mother. As I am to commence my college life now,I promise you that Ill improve myself ina "tiger" way, going all out to fulfill all of my dreams.
Love,
Daughter
专家点评:
通过这封写给母亲的信,作者把母亲的教育方式和“tiger mom”的方式作对比,阐述自己的观点。开篇简洁明了,正文欲扬先抑,强调对“tiger training”的赞同,依此出发向母亲表达深切感激之情。文章结构清晰,观点明了,逻辑性强,行文通顺。作者词汇量丰富,长句驾驭能力强。建议适当改变句式,保证长短错落有致。
在书信最后一行,署上写信人的姓名。署名应写在正文结尾后的右方空半行的地方。如果是写给的亲属、朋友,可加上自己的称呼,如儿、弟、兄、侄等,后边写名字,不必写姓。如果是写给组织的信,一定要把姓与名全部写上。而在署名之后,有时还视情加上“恭呈”、“谨上”等,以示尊敬。上述自称,都要和信首的称谓相互吻合。如:
如友:大林
20XX年12月25日
日期一项,用以注明写完信的时间,写在署名之后或下边。有时写信人还加上自己的所在的地点,尤其是在旅途中写的信,更应如此。(以上来源名称:日常实用应酬大全;来源责任者:张建华陈思;出版者名称:广东经济出版社)
Such is sons’ nature; I really do not know how to express my thanks to you. However, I can imagine, on the day 18 years ago, when you gave birth to me, what a complex feeling you had. In the past few years, every day you struggle me up in the morning and prepare breakfast for me, then in the afternoon, you always welcome your only son with delicious foods after a day‘s hard work. Now your son has been 18 and will go to university soon, like a bird is leaving its parents. Nevertheless, your footprints on my heart will never ever fade and I love you mum!
your son
亲爱的妈妈:
首先,让女儿祝您身体安康,万事如意!
妈妈,在您接到分别两年后女儿给您写的第一封信时,我想,您大概会用手帕轻轻擦拭眼角思念的泪水。别难过,您远离此地虽短短两年多,家乡变化可大啦!您心目中的那个“穷地方”,已一去不复返了。要是您身临此境,一定会用您那天生的好嗓子唱一曲“谁不说俺家乡好”。
泪水不知不觉爬上了脸颊。妈妈,别伤心,这已不是四年前爸爸去世时流的那悲伤的泪,也不是两年前您离开我们姐弟,远嫁它乡时流的那种辛酸的泪,更不是您走后家里缺吃少穿无依无靠时所流的惶恐的泪;这是由于激动和感激而迸出的欣喜的泪花,当然,也有对您的思念。
妈妈,人亲爱的妈妈,多少往事,万语千言,该怎样向您倾诉呢?妈妈,就在您远嫁的第十天,弟第病倒了,晚上两点出现了休克。刚满13岁的我不知所措,急得只知道大声哭喊:“妈妈!妈妈!”乡邻们被吵醒了,一双双温暖的手伸向我们姐弟俩。弟弟被送进了医院。乡邻们知道我们没钱付药费,大家东拼西凑,替弟弟付了药费,还从城里买了营养品……妈妈,我当时是多么激动啊!我在心里默默地呼喊:“爷爷、奶奶、叔伯、婶婶们,你们的恩情,我没齿不忘,我要永远生活在这里,哪儿也比不上我的家乡,谁也比不上我的'乡邻们!”妈妈,两年多来,我们姐弟俩就是在乡邻们的关心帮助下生活,我和弟弟都还在读书。听到这些事情,感情丰富的您,一定会激动得热泪盈眶。
妈妈,如今的家乡各方面都在发生喜人的变化。几天前,当我在家看书时,忽然窗外探进一个脑袋来,喜滋滋地对我说:“告诉你一个好消息,昨天我爸爸算过帐,说我家今年收入可望达到8000元,还准备买一台电视机呢!”妈妈,您还记得吗?他就是曾骂您“小寡妇”,惹您生气伤心的“讨人厌”呀!妈妈,他现在可不是从前那个只知道整天光着屁股玩,爱戏弄人的“讨人厌”了,他也变得讲文明,懂礼貌,勤奋了。这家有名的“贫困户”,如今居然达到年收入8000元!这,您没有想到吧!其实像这样的劳动致富户,……
…………………………………………………………………………………………………(略)
妈妈,信纸无法表达我全部的心声。分别两年多了,想念您呀,请您吻一下女儿的信,就像吻女儿的脸庞一样,望我母保重!
此致
敬礼!
女儿×××
×年×月×日
(本文系×年安徽省中考
评析:
这是一位父丧母嫁的过早品尝人生苦果的学生写给远嫁他乡的妈妈的一封令人潸然泪下的书信。对于一位渴望亲情母爱的孩子来说,思念妈妈是无可厚非的;如今面对家乡巨变,提笔写信给亲爱的妈妈也是可以理解的。称呼:亲爱的妈妈。接着是真诚的问候与祝福。满含泪水提笔写信,更多地是激动和感激。两年了,千言万语也道不尽女儿对妈妈的思念与倾诉。然后告诉妈妈善良的乡邻对自己和弟弟的帮助,告诉妈妈家乡喜人的变化,告诉妈妈自己与弟弟还在读书的现状……情不自禁中万千思绪如河水汹涌澎湃倾泄而出,苦诉给日夜思念的妈妈。最后祝愿妈妈保重身体。这封将真挚的感情流露于字里行间的书信,感人至深,掩卷沉思,久久难以平静。
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